ANP 1107A Male Reproductive System lecture 1 March 22 Flashcards
where are the testes located?
scrotum
what does the scrotum consist of?
sac of skin + superficial fascia outside abdominopelvic cavity
what does the midline septum provide?
one compartment/testis
what temperature does the exterior position provide
3 celsius lower than core body temperature
- works best as a slightly lower temperature
what is the tunica vaginalis?
outer, 2-layer
- 2 layers derived from the peritoneum
what is the tunica albuginea?
fibrous capsule of testis
- septal extensions divide each testis in 250-300 wedge-shaped lobules
each lobule is what?
1 to 4 coiled
what are the roles of the dartos and cremaster?
control the distance between the body and the testis
- they raise the testis when the external temp is cold
-lower the testis when it’s hot
What is the pathway of the sperm (where they’re being produced) to get to the ductus?
seminiferous tubules
tubules rectus (straight tubules)
rete testes
efferent ductules
head of epididymis
body of epididymis
tail of epididymis
what are the leydig cells?
interstitial cells that produce androgens (testerone)
what does interstitial mena?
in between cells
where are the leydig cells located?
not inside, between seminiferous tubules in testes
what are considered the sperm “factories”
the seminiferous tubules
what are the rete testis
tubular netwrok of straight part of seminiferous tubules
where in the epididymis are most sperm stored?
the tail
what are the 2 main parts of the testicular blood supply
testicular arteries
testicular veins
what does the spermatic cord contain?
ductus deferens
blood vessels
nerves
lymphatics
the testicular arteries branch off from the?
abdominal aorta
what do the testicular veins form?
form the pampiniform plexus
- cools off arteriole blood in order to keep the testes cool
where does sperm mature?
in the epididymis
what are sperm that enter epididymis
they are immature, nonmotile cells
- lack receptors to bind to egg
what happens during ejaculation?
smooth muscle in the ducts of the epididymis contract
sperm gets expelled into the ductus (vas) deferens
what is the pathway of sperm from the vas deferens out of the body
ejaculatory duct
-
prostate gland
-
urethra
What happens to sperm that do not get ejaculated for a long period of time?
More than 2-3 months, will it degenerate and will it recycle
How long can sperm be stored in the epididymis?
Can be stored for 2-3 and can still be viable
what is a vasectomy?
Birth control by males
Make a cut and seal off the two ends, the testes can still make sperm and testosterone, just take away the ability for the sperm to leave the body, will stay in the epididymis and will be recycled.
No risks associated
what is the urethra?
terminal portion
- serves both urinary and reproductive functions
what are the three regions of the urethra?
prostatic urethra
intermediate part of urethra
spongy urethra
where is the intermediate part of the urethra located?
in the urogential diaphgram
the male reproductive accessory glands do what?
produce secretions that, along with sperm, make up semen
how much % do seminal vesicles provide for semen?
contribute to the highest percentage 70%
where are seminal vesicles located?
behind wall of bladder
- size and shape of little finger
what is the yellow colour of semen due to?
due to flavin proteins that make the fluid florescence under UV light
sperm + seminal fluid in
in the ejaculatory duct
describe the prostate gland a bit
single gland, size and shape of chestnut
- encricles urethra inferior to bladder
what role does prostate secretion play for sperm?
contains enzymes that activate sperm to swim rapidly once in the FRS
what does the prostate contain
PSA
- Prostate Specific Antigen, used to detect prostate cancer
what do the bulbourethral glands produce?
mucous to spongy semen
- clear out acidic urine
what form the external genitalia
penis + scrotum
- where the testes are found
what is the enlarged tip of the penis called?
glans penis
what is the foreskin of the penis?
also known as prepuce, it’s the loose skin covering around the penis
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role of chemicals : PGs, ATP, antibiotic
protect/activate sperm or support sperm transport
what is the normal rate of sperm production?
2 x 10^ 8 sperm/day
what is the testis a source of?
germ cells and horomones
what makes up the seminiferous tubules
sertoli cells + spermatogenesis intermediates
what makes up a testi?
seminiferous tubules and leydig cells
what do leydig cells do?
synthesize androgens (testosterone)
what is the formation of testosterone?
progesterone
-
androstenedione
-
testosterone
what is the starting point of all steroid hormones?
cholesterol
what is spermatogenesis?
process by which sperm are produced by the male
what are gonadal actions of testosterone?
growth/maturation of gonalds & accessory organs during pubertry
essential for spermatogenesis
what are somatic actions of testosterone?
adolescent growth spurt (starts and stop)
grwoth of larynx & vocal cords
secretion of sweat
hair growth (face, chest, armpits, groin)
what are the metabolic actions of testosterone?
anabolic growth
hematopoiesis
BMR
What are the CNS actions of testosterone?
maintenance of libido (sex drive)
agression
what is the first sign of male puberty?
increase in testes size and activity
how do steroid hormones enter the cell?
diffuse through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm
gonadotropins are
glycoproteins
are anterior pituitary hormones water or fat soluble?
water, can’t cross plasma membrane, need to activate G protein in order to transmit message
what are the two important anterior pituitary hormones?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
what cells does FSH stimulate?
steroli cells to support spermatogenesis
what cells does LH stimulate?
leydig cells to secrete testosterone
what is GnRH?
gonadotropin releasing hormone
what releases GnRH?
hypothalamic neurons
what is inhibin and what is it released by?
hormone that inhibits secretions of FSH, released by steroli cells
