ANP 1107A Male Reproductive System lecture 1 March 22

Question 1

where are the testes located?

Answer 1

scrotum

Question 2

what does the scrotum consist of?

Answer 2

sac of skin + superficial fascia outside abdominopelvic cavity

Question 3

what does the midline septum provide?

Answer 3

one compartment/testis

Question 4

what temperature does the exterior position provide

Answer 4

3 celsius lower than core body temperature

• works best as a slightly lower temperature

Question 5

what is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 5

outer, 2-layer
- 2 layers derived from the peritoneum

Question 6

what is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 6

fibrous capsule of testis
- septal extensions divide each testis in 250-300 wedge-shaped lobules

Question 7

each lobule is what?

Answer 7

1 to 4 coiled

Question 8

what are the roles of the dartos and cremaster?

Answer 8

control the distance between the body and the testis

• they raise the testis when the external temp is cold

-lower the testis when it’s hot

Question 9

What is the pathway of the sperm (where they’re being produced) to get to the ductus?

Answer 9

seminiferous tubules
tubules rectus (straight tubules)
rete testes
efferent ductules
head of epididymis
body of epididymis
tail of epididymis

Question 10

what are the leydig cells?

Answer 10

interstitial cells that produce androgens (testerone)

Question 11

what does interstitial mena?

Answer 11

in between cells

Question 12

where are the leydig cells located?

Answer 12

not inside, between seminiferous tubules in testes

Question 13

what are considered the sperm “factories”

Answer 13

the seminiferous tubules

Question 14

what are the rete testis

Answer 14

tubular netwrok of straight part of seminiferous tubules

Question 15

where in the epididymis are most sperm stored?

Answer 15

the tail

Question 16

what are the 2 main parts of the testicular blood supply

Answer 16

testicular arteries
testicular veins

Question 17

what does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 17

ductus deferens
blood vessels
nerves
lymphatics

Question 18

the testicular arteries branch off from the?

Answer 18

abdominal aorta

Question 19

what do the testicular veins form?

Answer 19

form the pampiniform plexus

• cools off arteriole blood in order to keep the testes cool

Question 20

where does sperm mature?

Answer 20

in the epididymis

Question 21

what are sperm that enter epididymis

Answer 21

they are immature, nonmotile cells

• lack receptors to bind to egg

Question 22

what happens during ejaculation?

Answer 22

smooth muscle in the ducts of the epididymis contract

sperm gets expelled into the ductus (vas) deferens

Question 23

what is the pathway of sperm from the vas deferens out of the body

Answer 23

ejaculatory duct
-
prostate gland
-
urethra

Question 24

What happens to sperm that do not get ejaculated for a long period of time?

Answer 24

More than 2-3 months, will it degenerate and will it recycle

Question 25

How long can sperm be stored in the epididymis?

Answer 25

Can be stored for 2-3 and can still be viable

Question 26

what is a vasectomy?

Answer 26

Birth control by males Make a cut and seal off the two ends, the testes can still make sperm and testosterone, just take away the ability for the sperm to leave the body, will stay in the epididymis and will be recycled. No risks associated

Question 27

what is the urethra?

Answer 27

terminal portion - serves both urinary and reproductive functions

Question 28

what are the three regions of the urethra?

Answer 28

prostatic urethra intermediate part of urethra spongy urethra

Question 29

where is the intermediate part of the urethra located?

Answer 29

in the urogential diaphgram

Question 30

the male reproductive accessory glands do what?

Answer 30

produce secretions that, along with sperm, make up semen

Question 31

how much % do seminal vesicles provide for semen?

Answer 31

contribute to the highest percentage 70%

Question 32

where are seminal vesicles located?

Answer 32

behind wall of bladder - size and shape of little finger

Question 33

what is the yellow colour of semen due to?

Answer 33

due to flavin proteins that make the fluid florescence under UV light

Question 34

sperm + seminal fluid in

Answer 34

in the ejaculatory duct

Question 35

describe the prostate gland a bit

Answer 35

single gland, size and shape of chestnut - encricles urethra inferior to bladder

Question 36

what role does prostate secretion play for sperm?

Answer 36

contains enzymes that activate sperm to swim rapidly once in the FRS

Question 37

what does the prostate contain

Answer 37

PSA - Prostate Specific Antigen, used to detect prostate cancer

Question 38

what do the bulbourethral glands produce?

Answer 38

mucous to spongy semen - clear out acidic urine

Question 39

what form the external genitalia

Answer 39

penis + scrotum - where the testes are found

Question 40

what is the enlarged tip of the penis called?

Answer 40

glans penis

Question 41

what is the foreskin of the penis?

Answer 41

also known as prepuce, it's the loose skin covering around the penis

Question 42

skip

Answer 42

skip

Question 43

role of chemicals : PGs, ATP, antibiotic

Answer 43

protect/activate sperm or support sperm transport

Question 44

what is the normal rate of sperm production?

Answer 44

2 x 10^ 8 sperm/day

Question 45

what is the testis a source of?

Answer 45

germ cells and horomones

Question 46

what makes up the seminiferous tubules

Answer 46

sertoli cells + spermatogenesis intermediates

Question 47

what makes up a testi?

Answer 47

seminiferous tubules and leydig cells

Question 48

what do leydig cells do?

Answer 48

synthesize androgens (testosterone)

Question 49

what is the formation of testosterone?

Answer 49

cholesterol - progesterone - androstenedione - testosterone

Question 50

what is the starting point of all steroid hormones?

Answer 50

cholesterol

Question 51

what is spermatogenesis?

Answer 51

process by which sperm are produced by the male

Question 52

what are gonadal actions of testosterone?

Answer 52

growth/maturation of gonalds & accessory organs during pubertry essential for spermatogenesis

Question 53

what are somatic actions of testosterone?

Answer 53

adolescent growth spurt (starts and stop) grwoth of larynx & vocal cords secretion of sweat hair growth (face, chest, armpits, groin)

Question 54

what are the metabolic actions of testosterone?

Answer 54

anabolic growth hematopoiesis BMR

Question 55

What are the CNS actions of testosterone?

Answer 55

maintenance of libido (sex drive) agression

Question 56

what is the first sign of male puberty?

Answer 56

increase in testes size and activity

Question 57

how do steroid hormones enter the cell?

Answer 57

diffuse through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm

Question 58

gonadotropins are

Answer 58

glycoproteins

Question 59

are anterior pituitary hormones water or fat soluble?

Answer 59

water, can't cross plasma membrane, need to activate G protein in order to transmit message

Question 60

what are the two important anterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 60

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 61

what cells does FSH stimulate?

Answer 61

steroli cells to support spermatogenesis

Question 62

what cells does LH stimulate?

Answer 62

leydig cells to secrete testosterone

Question 63

what is GnRH?

Answer 63

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 64

what releases GnRH?

Answer 64

hypothalamic neurons

Question 65

what is inhibin and what is it released by?

Answer 65

hormone that inhibits secretions of FSH, released by steroli cells