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ANP 1107A > ANP 1107A Male Reproductive System lecture 1 March 22 > Flashcards

ANP 1107A Male Reproductive System lecture 1 March 22 Flashcards

1
Q

where are the testes located?

A

scrotum

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2
Q

what does the scrotum consist of?

A

sac of skin + superficial fascia outside abdominopelvic cavity

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3
Q

what does the midline septum provide?

A

one compartment/testis

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4
Q

what temperature does the exterior position provide

A

3 celsius lower than core body temperature

  • works best as a slightly lower temperature
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5
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis?

A

outer, 2-layer
- 2 layers derived from the peritoneum

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6
Q

what is the tunica albuginea?

A

fibrous capsule of testis
- septal extensions divide each testis in 250-300 wedge-shaped lobules

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7
Q

each lobule is what?

A

1 to 4 coiled

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8
Q

what are the roles of the dartos and cremaster?

A

control the distance between the body and the testis

  • they raise the testis when the external temp is cold

-lower the testis when it’s hot

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9
Q

What is the pathway of the sperm (where they’re being produced) to get to the ductus?

A

seminiferous tubules
tubules rectus (straight tubules)
rete testes
efferent ductules
head of epididymis
body of epididymis
tail of epididymis

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10
Q

what are the leydig cells?

A

interstitial cells that produce androgens (testerone)

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11
Q

what does interstitial mena?

A

in between cells

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12
Q

where are the leydig cells located?

A

not inside, between seminiferous tubules in testes

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13
Q

what are considered the sperm “factories”

A

the seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

what are the rete testis

A

tubular netwrok of straight part of seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

where in the epididymis are most sperm stored?

A

the tail

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16
Q

what are the 2 main parts of the testicular blood supply

A

testicular arteries
testicular veins

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17
Q

what does the spermatic cord contain?

A

ductus deferens
blood vessels
nerves
lymphatics

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18
Q

the testicular arteries branch off from the?

A

abdominal aorta

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19
Q

what do the testicular veins form?

A

form the pampiniform plexus

  • cools off arteriole blood in order to keep the testes cool
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20
Q

where does sperm mature?

A

in the epididymis

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21
Q

what are sperm that enter epididymis

A

they are immature, nonmotile cells

  • lack receptors to bind to egg
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22
Q

what happens during ejaculation?

A

smooth muscle in the ducts of the epididymis contract

sperm gets expelled into the ductus (vas) deferens

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23
Q

what is the pathway of sperm from the vas deferens out of the body

A

ejaculatory duct
-
prostate gland
-
urethra

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24
Q

What happens to sperm that do not get ejaculated for a long period of time?

A

More than 2-3 months, will it degenerate and will it recycle

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25
Q

How long can sperm be stored in the epididymis?

A

Can be stored for 2-3 and can still be viable

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26
Q

what is a vasectomy?

A

Birth control by males

Make a cut and seal off the two ends, the testes can still make sperm and testosterone, just take away the ability for the sperm to leave the body, will stay in the epididymis and will be recycled.
No risks associated

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27
Q

what is the urethra?

A

terminal portion

  • serves both urinary and reproductive functions
28
Q

what are the three regions of the urethra?

A

prostatic urethra
intermediate part of urethra
spongy urethra

29
Q

where is the intermediate part of the urethra located?

A

in the urogential diaphgram

30
Q

the male reproductive accessory glands do what?

A

produce secretions that, along with sperm, make up semen

31
Q

how much % do seminal vesicles provide for semen?

A

contribute to the highest percentage 70%

32
Q

where are seminal vesicles located?

A

behind wall of bladder

  • size and shape of little finger
33
Q

what is the yellow colour of semen due to?

A

due to flavin proteins that make the fluid florescence under UV light

34
Q

sperm + seminal fluid in

A

in the ejaculatory duct

35
Q

describe the prostate gland a bit

A

single gland, size and shape of chestnut

  • encricles urethra inferior to bladder
36
Q

what role does prostate secretion play for sperm?

A

contains enzymes that activate sperm to swim rapidly once in the FRS

37
Q

what does the prostate contain

A

PSA
- Prostate Specific Antigen, used to detect prostate cancer

38
Q

what do the bulbourethral glands produce?

A

mucous to spongy semen
- clear out acidic urine

39
Q

what form the external genitalia

A

penis + scrotum
- where the testes are found

40
Q

what is the enlarged tip of the penis called?

A

glans penis

41
Q

what is the foreskin of the penis?

A

also known as prepuce, it’s the loose skin covering around the penis

42
Q

skip

A

skip

43
Q

role of chemicals : PGs, ATP, antibiotic

A

protect/activate sperm or support sperm transport

44
Q

what is the normal rate of sperm production?

A

2 x 10^ 8 sperm/day

45
Q

what is the testis a source of?

A

germ cells and horomones

46
Q

what makes up the seminiferous tubules

A

sertoli cells + spermatogenesis intermediates

47
Q

what makes up a testi?

A

seminiferous tubules and leydig cells

48
Q

what do leydig cells do?

A

synthesize androgens (testosterone)

49
Q

what is the formation of testosterone?

A

progesterone
-
androstenedione
-
testosterone

50
Q

what is the starting point of all steroid hormones?

A

cholesterol

51
Q

what is spermatogenesis?

A

process by which sperm are produced by the male

52
Q

what are gonadal actions of testosterone?

A

growth/maturation of gonalds & accessory organs during pubertry

essential for spermatogenesis

53
Q

what are somatic actions of testosterone?

A

adolescent growth spurt (starts and stop)

grwoth of larynx & vocal cords

secretion of sweat

hair growth (face, chest, armpits, groin)

54
Q

what are the metabolic actions of testosterone?

A

anabolic growth
hematopoiesis
BMR

55
Q

What are the CNS actions of testosterone?

A

maintenance of libido (sex drive)
agression

56
Q

what is the first sign of male puberty?

A

increase in testes size and activity

57
Q

how do steroid hormones enter the cell?

A

diffuse through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm

58
Q

gonadotropins are

A

glycoproteins

59
Q

are anterior pituitary hormones water or fat soluble?

A

water, can’t cross plasma membrane, need to activate G protein in order to transmit message

60
Q

what are the two important anterior pituitary hormones?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

61
Q

what cells does FSH stimulate?

A

steroli cells to support spermatogenesis

62
Q

what cells does LH stimulate?

A

leydig cells to secrete testosterone

63
Q

what is GnRH?

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

64
Q

what releases GnRH?

A

hypothalamic neurons

65
Q

what is inhibin and what is it released by?

A

hormone that inhibits secretions of FSH, released by steroli cells

ANP 1107A (5 decks)

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