Anomalies Flashcards
Name medical conditions associated with hypodontia (4)
- Ectodermal dysplasia
- Down syndrome
- Cleft palate
- Hurlers Syndrome
- Incontinentia pigmenti
Restorative problem you may encounter when upper laterals are missing
OE of lower canines
Management of Hypodontia in order
- Diagnosis + preventative tx
- Removable prosthesis (over denture)
- Orthodontics
- Composite build ups
- Porcelain veneers
- Crowns and bridges
Age frame for veneers
Early 20s so gum margins have reached a settled level
Predisposing factors for hyperdontia/supernumeraries
M>F
Maxilla>Mandible
Japan
Different types of supernumerary
- Conical (cone shaped)
- Tuberculate (barrel shaped)
- Supplemental (normal)
- Odontome (irregular mass of dental hard tissue)
What is the most common cause of delayed eruption of permanent incisor teeth?
Supernumerary teeth
When do we remove supernumeraries
Wait till completed crown formation and started root formation
List examples of anomalies of size and shape of teeth (7)
- Microdontia
- Macrodontia
- Double teeth (gemination/fused)
- Odontomes
- Taurodontism
- Dilaceration
- Accessory cusps
What teeth are likely to get short root anomaly?
Permanent maxillary incisors
Danger for ortho tx
Causes of short root anomaly
- Radiotherapy
- Dentine dysplasia
List examples of enamel anomalies (3)
- Amelogenesis imperfecta
- Localised + environmental enamel hypoplasia
- MIH
Causes of localised enamel hypoplasia (2)
- Trauma
- Infection of primary tooth (from caries)
Compare hypoplastic + hypomineralised teeth
HYPOPLASTIC
- Lack of enamel quantity (thin/absent enamel)
- Issue with secretory phase
- Chunks of enamel missing
HYPOMINERALISED
- Lack of enamel quality (softer as mineral deficient)
- Issue with mineralise phase
- Normal teeth with brown/white patches
Tx of generalised environmental hard tissue defects (fluorosis)
- Microabrasion
- Veneers
- Vital bleaching
List some medical conditions that can cause enamel defects
- Rubella
- Congenital syphilis
- Cardiac disease
- Kidney disease
- Premature
- Meningitis
- Measles
- Chickenpox
List the 4 main types of Amelogensis
- Hypoplastic
- Hypomineralised
- Hypomaturation
- Mixed with taurodontism
Biological features of Amelogenesis Imperfecta
- Autosomal dominant, recessive and X linked
- Familial inheritance
How does Amelogenesis Imperfecta affect teeth?
Size, structure + colour
Gene mutations associated with Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Amelogenin
Enamelin
Kalikrein 4
Aetiology of hypoplastic type of AI
Enamel crystals do not grow to correct length
Aetiology of hypomineralised type of AI
Crystallites fail to grow in thickness and width
Aetiology of hypomaturatational type of AI
Enamel crystals grow incompletely in thickness or width but to normal length with incomplete mineralisation
Associated dental problems with Amelogenesis Imperfecta (6)
- Sensitivity
- Caries
- Poor aesthetics
- Poor OH
- Delayed eruption
- AOB
Tx options for Amelogenesis Imperfecta
- Preventative therapy
- Composite veners
- FS
- Metal inlays
- SSC
- Orthodontics
Systemic disorders associated with enamel defects (excluding AI)
- Down syndrome
- Hurlers
- Porphyria
- Incontinenta pigmenti
List examples of dentine anomalies of structure
- Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (uncommon)
- Dentine dysplasia
- Odontodysplasia
- Systemic disturbance
- nutritional
- metabolic
- drugs
Features of dentine dysplasia (4)
- Normal crown morphology
- Amber radiolucency
- Pulpal obliteration
- Short constricted roots
Features of odontodysplasia
- Localised arrest in tooth development
- Thin layers of enamel + dentine
- Large pulp chambers
3 types of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Type I
Type II
Brandywine (USA)
What is Type I dentinogenesis imperfecta usually associated with?
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Radiographic appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta (3)
Bulbous crowns
Obliterated pulps (I+II)
Enamel loss
Abscess
Associated dental problems with dentinogenesis imperfecta (3)
- Aesthetics
- Caries/acid susceptibility
- Spontaneous abscess
Tx options for dentinogenesis imperfecta (5)
- Prevention
- Composite veneers
- Overdentures
- Removable prosthesis
- SSC
List examples of cementum anomalies in structure (2)
- Cleidocranial dysplasia
- Hypophosphatasia
Pregnancy causes of premature eruption of teeth
High birth weight
Medical causes of delayed eruption of teeth (3)
- Premature
- Malnutrition
- Downs, hypothyroidism
Gingival hyperplasia
Cause of premature exfoliation (3)
- Trauma
- Following pulpotomy
- Immunological deficiency
Cause of delayed exfoliation (5)
- Infraocclusion
- Double primary teeth
- Hypodontia
- Ectopic permanent successors
- Following trauma
Clinical features of hypoplastic teeth
Pitted enamel
Hard enamel
Clinical features of hypo mineralised teeth
White/yellow
Soft porous enamel
Bonding affected
Tx options for hypomineralised teeth
Microabrasion
Vital bleaching
Composite
What is taurodontism?
Developmental issue large pulp at expense of roots
- Large pulp chamber
- Apical displacement of pulp floor
- Lack of constriction at CEJ
