Ankle Pediatric Fractures Osteochondrities Flashcards
What is chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO)
Autoinflammatory disorder of children and young adults that is characterized by nonbacterial osteomyelitis
Is CRMO bacterial or nonbacterial osteomyelitis
Nonbacterial osteomyelitis
What are the typical imaging findings of CRMO
Lyric and sclerotic lesions in the metaphyses of long bones
What is Diaz Disease
Aseptic Necrosis of the Taurus
- Rare and associated with trauma
- Self limiting
- Walking cast to protect the talus, returns to shape
What are symptoms of Juvenile RA (Still’s Disease)
- antalgic gait
- skin rash - salmon pink macuole increasing in size
- Rheumatologist referral due to long term treatment
Describe Rheumatic Fever
- starts as upper respiratory tract infection
- Transient swelling with pain of the joints
- successive pattern
- subsides in one appears in another
- early treatment to avoid valvular damage (group A beta-hemolytic strep)
What is Osteomyelitis
- pyogenic
- hematogenous or inoculation by puncture wound
- symptoms: swelling, erythema, tenderness, calor of joint with throbbing pain
Which bone is most commonly affected by hematogenous osteomyelitis
Calcaneus
Describe osteomyelitis in infants and children
- in infants: epiphyseal
- in children - metaphysis
What are the radiographic findings of osteomyelitis
- early: swelling
- lytic areas, periosteal changes
- Brodie’s abscess
What medical condition can result from osteomyelitis
Tuberculosis: due to hematogenous spread in metaphyseal of long bones
What is one common differential diagnosis for osteomyelitis
Ewing’s sarcoma
What are the problems associated with ball and socket joint of the ankle
- allows for sagittal plane motion but also transverse and frontal
- results in instability
How do you treat ball and socket joint of the ankle
- if chronic ankle problems occur, fusion is the surgical procedure
Describe ankle valgus and how it is acquired
- congenitally short fibula
- acquired from fibular fracture, unequal growth with tibia
What to the treatment for ankle valgus
Tib-fib fusion or bone graft to produce stability
Describe epiphyseal fractures
- can occur from significantly different consequences from adult fractures
- unique fracture patterns
- premature epiphyseal arrest
When does the primary centers of ossification in long bones start forming
7th week intrauterine
When does the femur ossify
Early 7th week
When does the tibia ossify
Later in 7th week
When does the fibula ossify
8th week
What are pressure epiphyses
Articular, end of long bone, transmit pressure through joints, provide longitudinal growth of bone
What are traction epiphysis
Sites of muscle attachments, tremendous pressure, provide shape and contour of bone
Describe the anatomy of the physis
Radiolucent cartilaginous plate between meta and epiphysis
