Ankle/Foot Anatomy

Question 1

Ankle/Foot Bony Lateral (9)

Answer 1

Distal fibula, lateral malleolus, peroneal tubercle (splits fib longus and brevis), calcaneus, sinus tarsi (tunnel between calcaneus and talus), cuboid, styloid process of 5th metatarsal, 5th met, 5th toe

Question 2

Ankle/Foot Bony Medial (8)

Answer 2

Distal tibia, medial malleolus, sustentaculum tali (anteromedial calc – attachment point, deltoid and spring ligament), medial calcaneus, head of talus (articulates with navicular), medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal, great toe

Question 3

Ankle/Foot Bony Dorsal (6)

Answer 3

Phalanges (distal, middle, proximal), metatarsals, cuboid, cuneiforms (med, intermediate, lat), navicular, talar head (articulates with navicular)

Question 4

Ankle/Foot Bony Plantar (5)

Answer 4

Calcaneus, medial tubercle of calcaneus (plantar fascia attachment – clinically relevant), sesamoid bones (under 1st MTP), metatarsals 4-2 and heads, phalanges

Question 5

Ankle/Foot Soft Tissues: Lateral (5 ligaments and 3 muscles)

Answer 5

Lateral ankle ligaments = anterior talofibular (lat mal to talar body – runs anteromedially), calcaneofibular (lat mal to lat calc – runs inferoposterior), posterior talofibular (lat mal to post talus – runs horizontally), posterior inferior tibiofibular (post lat mal to post distal tib (runs slightly oblique), anterior inferior tibiofibular (distal ant tib to ant lat mal – runs horizontal); peroneus longus (PADANA), peroneus brevis (PADANA), extensor digitorum brevis (PADANA)

Question 6

Ankle/Foot Soft Tissues: Medial (8 – 2 ligaments)

Answer 6

1st metatarsal bursa, spring ligament (sustenaculum tali to navic), deltoid ligament (med mal to navic, talus and calc), tibialis posterior (IOM, tib/fib to navic, cuneiform, cuboid and base of 2-4 mets), flexor digitorum longus (post tib to bases of lat 4 phalanx), posterior tibial artery and nerve, flexor hallucis longus (IOM, post fib to base 1st phalanx)

Question 7

Ankle/Foot Soft Tissues: Dorsal (6)

Answer 7

Tibialis anterior (sup/lat tib to med cuneiform and base 1st met), extensor hallucis longus (ant tib and IOM to base 1st digit), extensor digitorum longus (sup/lat tib, fib and IOM to middle and distal phalanges 2-5), extensor digitorum brevis (ant calc to prox phalanx 1-4), peroneus tertius, (inf/ant fib to base of 5th met), dorsalis pedis artery

Question 8

Ankle/Foot Soft Tissues: Plantar (5)

Answer 8

Achilles tendon (gastric, soleus), calcaneal bursa, plantar fascia