Ankle & Foot Flashcards
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What bones comprise the foot & ankle?
Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals (7), Metatarsals (5), Phalanges (14)
What type of joint is the tibiofibular joint?
Superior joint-gliding joint
Inferior joint-fibrous joint
What joint is involved in a heavy ankle sprain?
inferior joint (tibiofibular)
What type of joint is the ankle (talocrural) joint?
hinge joint-allows for plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
(bones: talas, tibia, fibula)
What type of joint is the subtalar joint?
gliding joint-allows for inversion/eversion
(talas, calcaneous)
what type of joint is the transverse tarsal joint?
gliding joint-allows for inversion/eversion
(bones: calcaneous/cuboid, talus/navicular)
What ankle ligaments are involved in a medial (eversion) sprain?
Deltoid ligament: anterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular
What ankle ligaments are involved in a lateral (inversion) sprain?
anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular ligaments
What are the different type of foot joints?
distal interphalangeal (DIP)-hinge
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP)-hinge
Metatarsophalangeal (MTP)-ellipsoidal
Tarsometatarsal (TMT)-gliding
Where are the two longitudinal arches?
Medial-calcaneus to talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, 1-3 metatarsals
Lateral-calcaneus to cuboid, 4th & 5th metatarsals
Where is the transverse arch?
extends across proximal ends of 1-5 metatarsals
Name the sturcture- thin layer of rough tissue supporting the arch of the foot & connecting the calcaneus to the metatarsals
plantar fascia
Name the injury-source of foot and heel pain if inflamed
plantar fascitis
movement of the top of ankle & foot towards anterior tibia
Dorisflexion
movement of the ankle & foot away from the tibia
plantar flexion
Movement-turning the ankle & foot outward (weight is on medial edge of foot)
Eversion
Movement- turning ankle & foot inward (weight is on lateral edge of foot)
inversion
Movement-combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, forefoot abduction
Pronation
Movement-combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe in)
Supination
Origin- Lateral condyle of tibia, Head of fibula, upper 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula
Insertion-Tops of middle and distal phalanxes of four lesser toes
Action-Ankle dorsiflexion, toe extension, foot eversion
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin-Middle 2/3 of medial surface of anterior fibula
Insertion-Top of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action-ankle dorsiflexion, toe extension
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin- Upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia
Insertion-Inner surface of medial cuneiform, base of first metacarpal bone
Action-ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion
Tibialis anterior
Origin-Distal third of anterior fibula
Insertion-Base of fifth metatarsal
Action-Ankle dorsal flexion, foot eversion
peroneus tertius
Origin-Posterior surfaces of two condyles of femur
Insertion-Posterior surface of calcaneus
Action-Knee flexion, plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius
Origin-Posterior surface of upper half of interosseous membrane, adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula
Insertion-Inferior surfaces of the navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid bones and bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones
Action-Foot inversion, plantar flexion of ankle
tibialis posterior
Origin- Middle third of posterior surface of tibia
Insertion-Base of distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes
Action-Toe flexion, foot inversion, plantar flexion of ankle
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin-Middle 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
Insertion-Base of distal phalanx of great toe, plantar surface
Action-Toe flexion, foot inversion, plantar flexion of ankle
Flexor hallicus longus
Origin-Head and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion-Undersurfaces of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones
Action-Plantar flexion, foot eversion
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Origin-Lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion-Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone
Action-Plantar flexion, foot eversion
Peroneus Brevis
Origin-Posterior surface of proximal fibula and proximal 2/3 of posterior tibial surface
Insertion-Posterior surface of calcaneus
Action-Plantar flexion
Soleus
