Ankle and Foot

Question 1

Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain RF

Answer 1

poor performance on multiple hop test
poor performance on star excursion
decreased hip abductor and extensor strength
female
court sports

Question 2

Chronic lateral ankle sprain RF

Answer 2

inability to complete jumping and landing tasks within 2 weeks
low self-reported function
higher BMI

did not use an external support
do not participate in balance prevention program
sports

Question 3

How to prevent ankle sprain

Answer 3

Acute/Chronic: bracing, taping, balance training

Question 4

Mechanism for lateral ankle sprain

Answer 4

inversion is the most frequent MOI for ankle sprains

Question 5

Impairment for lateral ankle sprain

Answer 5

effusion at joint
focal tenderness and effusion over ligaments
loss of ROM or hypermobility
decreased force production
decreased single limb stance/balance

Question 6

Activity/Participation restrictions after lateral ankle sprain

Answer 6

standing, walking, running, jumping
change of direction
work, ADLs, sport

Question 7

Major contributors to stability of ankle

Answer 7

1. osseous congruity and fit of articular surfaces when joints are loaded
2. static ligamentous and capsular restraints
3. surrounding musculotendinous units (dynamic stability)

Question 8

Clinical exam and eval of ankle

Answer 8

pain–location, swelling, tenderness
alignment of lower extremity
muscle performance
joint integrity
gait
balance

Question 9

High ankle sprain ligaments

Answer 9

posterior tibiofibular ligament
anterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 10

70-80% of ankle sprains involve

Answer 10

anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

Question 11

Grade 1 Sprain

Answer 11

minor tearing with no functional loss of ankle stability, not typically seen in clinic

Question 12

Grade 2 Sprain

Answer 12

partial tearing of ligament with mild/moderate instability

Question 13

Grade 3 Sprain

Answer 13

complete rupture with significant functional instability

Question 14

Grade 3 sprains are further classified as

Answer 14

First, Second, Third Degree

Question 15

Grade refers to

Answer 15

specific ligament and severity of injury to that ligament

Question 16

Degree refers to

Answer 16

to the ankle joint, implies a sprain to at least 1 ligament

Question 17

1st degree ankle sprain

Answer 17

complete rupture of ATFL

Question 18

2nd degree ankle sprain

Answer 18

complete rupture of ATFL and CFL

Question 19

3rd degree ankle sprain

Answer 19

dislocation in which ATFL, CFL, and PTFL are ruptured

Question 20

What muscle and joint changes are common following an ankle sprain?

Answer 20

decreased strength of muscles
decreased force production at knee and hip
decreased muscle reaction time
decreased DF and PF
increased ankle frontal plane PROM
increased forefoot and midfoot mobility

Question 21

Areas of intervention for ankle sprain should include

Answer 21

static and dynamic balance
walking
stepping
running
jumping
cutting
kicking

Question 22

Acute sprain interventions

Answer 22

braces
taping
progressive bearing of weight
use of AD

Question 23

Acute to subacute interventions

Answer 23

protexted active ROM
stretching, nueormuscular training, postural re-education, balance training
lymphatic drainage, mobilization, MWMs
ice

Question 24

Most low level sprains will return to function at…

Answer 24

3 to 4 weeks

Question 25

High level sprains will return to function at

Answer 25

6-8 weeks

Question 26

The foot arches are supported/controlled by…

Answer 26

bony congruency
static restraints
dynamic extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

Question 27

Plantar ligaments

Answer 27

provide passive stability to the longitudinal and transverse aspects of the foot

Question 28

Intrinsics and Gait

Answer 28

during stance phase, intrinsics contribute to stabilization and eccentric control of arch descent during loading

Question 29

Intrinsic and Midfoot

Answer 29

intrinsics contribute concentric muscle action to provide midfoot power generation

Question 30

Role of fibularis longus during gait

Answer 30

stabilizes lateral midfoot
primary evertor of forefoot
provides compressive force on cuboid, contributes to midtarsal locking
primary PF of first digit

Question 31

Individuals with foot pain demonstrate

Answer 31

decreased gait speed
decreased stride length
increased double limb support
decreased PA
increased risk of falling, increased fear of falling