Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall Pharm Block 3 > Anit-Infectives Part I > Flashcards

Anit-Infectives Part I Flashcards

1
Q

What two things must a provider know when prescribing antibiotics?

A
  1. What abx covers what bacteria

2. What bacteria typically lives in the infected area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes Gram neg bacteria non-staining and why is this clinically relevant?

A

Gram neg bacteria have an extra polysaccharide layer. This makes them more difficult to kill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most pathogenic Gram neg bacteria?

A

Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most pathogenic Gram pos bacteria?

A

Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the first abx and what bacteria does it cover?

A

PCN –> covers Gram pos bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Differentiate between the two main types of PCN.

A

Penicillin G (IV) and Penicillin V (PO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What abx treats syphilis and how is it administered?

A

Benzathine LA - Thick suspension given IM in gluteus maximus (painful injection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What abx treats strep pneumonia and how is it administered?

A

Procaine - IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PCN remains the drug of choice for what common infection?

A

Strep Throat (Group A Streprococcus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the instructions given for taking PCN and what are the cautions?

A

Best taken around the clock and on an empty stomach. Cautions are diarrhea (may cause C-diff) and rash (antigenic - increased risk of allergic rxns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is PCN eliminated and what is the clinical significance?

A

Renally –> adjust dose if CrCl < 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the PCNs used to treat staphylococcus and state how they are administered.

A

IV: Methicillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin
PO: Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Methicillin is the only PCN that cannot be used to treat MRSA.

A

False: MRSA is resistant to all PCNs and almost all cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drugs can be used to treat MRSA and which is most common?

A

Most common: Vancomycin

Other: Ceftaroline (only cephalosporin that treats MRSA),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dicloxacillin is the drug of choice for what type of infection and what are its cautions?

A

Cellulitis or any MSSA (Staph and Strep). Cautions: causes GI and taste issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two amino penicillins and what is the difference between the two?

A

Ampicillin: low Vd - must be taken on empty stomach
Amoxicillin: high Vd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What infections are covered by amoxicillin?

A

Everything PCN covers other than MSSA plus three Gram neg organisms - E. Coli, H. Flu, M. Cat.

18
Q

What infections do E. Coli, H. Flu, and M. Cat most commonly cause?

A

E. Coli = UTIs
H. Flu = CAP pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis
M. Cat = sinusitis

19
Q

What infections are covered by ampicillin? (2 zebras)

A

Enetrococcus and Listeria (Neonatal Meningitis)

20
Q

What infection does listeria commonly cause?

A

Meningitis in newborns

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of a beta lactamase inhibitor?

A

Beta lactamase chews up beta lactam abx. Beta lactamase inhibitors keep the abx around longer.

22
Q

What abx are beta lactams?

A

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, all PCNs, Cephalosporins

23
Q

List two combination drugs that have a beta lactamase inhibitor and state how they are administered.

A

Augmentin: Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid - PO
Unasyn: Ampicillin + Sulbactam - IV

24
Q

In what patients would a combination of an abx + beta lactamase inhibitor be most useful?

A

Patients with > 1 infection that have shown resistance to the abx alone or patients with comorbidities in whom you don’t want to risk the abx failing.

25
Q

What is the main difference between PCN and Extended Spectrum PCNs?

A

PCNs cover Gram pos while Extended Spectrum PCNs suck at Gram pos infections but cover Gram neg, including pseudomonas.

26
Q

State two facts about the formulation of Extended Spectrum PCNs.

A
  1. Always combined with a beta lactamase inhibitor

2. Only available IV

27
Q

List two combination Extended Spectrum PCN and state which is most commonly used.

A

Timentin: Ticarcillin + Clavulonate
Zosyn: Piperacillin + Tazobactam –> most used

28
Q

Describe the interaction of PCNs with oral contraceptives.

A

Oral contraceptives are activated by bacteria in the gut. PCNs disrupt normal gut bacteria and make oral contraceptives less effective.

29
Q

Describe the treatment for C. Diff brought on by PCN.

A
  1. Stop the antibiotic
  2. No anti-diarrheals - prolongs contact time with the toxin that is causing the C. Diff
  3. DOC = PO Vancomycin
30
Q

How are cephalosporins related to PCNs and what is the clinical significance?

A

Cephalosporins, like PCNs, are beta lactams meaning there can be cross reactivity between the two.

31
Q

List the drugs that are used to treat pseudomonas.

A

Extended Spectrum PCNs
Two cephalosporins - Ceftazidime and Cefepime
All Carbapenams EXCEPT Ertapenam
Ciprofloxacin (Only PO drug)

32
Q

What PCN drugs are 1st generation cephalosporins most like and what do they cover?

A

Similar to amino-PCNs. They cover mostly gram pos. plus E. Coli and Klebsiella (Pneumonia)

33
Q

List two 1st generation cephalosporins and state the use of each.

A

Cefazolin: IV admin to cover MSSA in PCN allergy
Cephalexin: PO cephalosporin

34
Q

What do 2nd generation cephalosporins cover?

A

Hodge-podge of gram pos and neg.

35
Q

What do third generation cephalosporins cover?

A

Gram negative

36
Q

What type of drug is ceftriaxone and what are its uses?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin. Uses include:

  • qd injection
  • treatment of meningitis (double the dose)
  • Lyme disease (late - when arthritic pain presents)
  • treatment of gonorrhea (paired with chlamydia drug)
37
Q

What are the two drugs administered to treat chlamydia and gonorrhea?

A

Azythromyocin and Ceftriaxone

38
Q

What kind of drug is Ceftazidime and what is its primary use?

A

Third generation cephalosporin used to cover pseudomonas.

39
Q

What type of drug is cefepime and what is its primary use?

A

Fourth generation cephalosporin used to cover pseudomonas.

40
Q

What type of drug is ceftaroline and what is its primary use?

A

Fifth generation cephalosporin used to treat MRSA

41
Q

T/F: Cephalosporins are made in combination with a beta lactamase inhibitor and are used frequently.

A

False: Cepahlosporins are coformulated with beta lactamase inhibitors but they are NOT used often.

Fall Pharm Block 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions