Anions Flashcards

1
Q

what are anions?

A

negatively charged ions.

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2
Q

what does hydrochloric acid help detect?

A

carbonates

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3
Q

Describe a test for carbonates

A

Add DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID to your sample. If CARBONATES are present then CARBON DIOXIDE will be released. You can test for carbon dioxide using LIMEWATER.

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4
Q

what is the equation for carbonates and hydrochloric acid?

A

carbonate + acid > carbon dioxied + water

CO3(2-) + 2H+ > CO2 + H20

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5
Q

test for sulfates using what?

A

barium chloride

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6
Q

what do sulfate ions produce?

A

A white precipitate

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7
Q

Describe a test for sulfate ions

A

Add DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID followed by BARIUM CHLORIDE solution (BaCl2). A white precipiate of BARIUM SULFATE means the original compond was a sulfate.

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8
Q

What is the hydrochloric acid used for in the sulfate test?

A

To get rid of any traces of carbonate or sulfite ions before you do the test because they would confuse results.

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9
Q

The equation for barium chloride and sulfate test.

A

Ba2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) > BaSO4(s)

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10
Q

What three halides do we need to know the tests for?

A

Cl-, Br-, I-

Chlorine, bromine and iodine.

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11
Q

Describe the test for the three halides.

A

To test for chloride, bromide or iodide ions, add DILUTE NITRIC ACID (HNO3) followed by SILVER NITRATE solution. (AgNO3)

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12
Q

what colour is the precipitate of silver chloride?

A

white

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13
Q

what colour is the precipitate of silver bromide?

A

cream

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14
Q

what colour is the precipitate of silver iodide?

A

yellow

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15
Q

equation for chloride ion test

A

Ag+(aq) + Cl- (aq) > AgCl(s)

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16
Q

equation for bromide ion test

A

Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq) > AgBr (s)

17
Q

equation for iodide ion test

A

Ag+ (aq) +I- > AgI(s)

18
Q

what is the nitric acid used for?

A

to get rid of carbonate of sulfite ions that confuse results