Animals Flashcards
1
Q
What characteristics do all animals share? (4)
A
Multicellular, Eucaryotic, Heterotrophic, Moves
2
Q
What are the different types of heterotrophs? (vore) in animals(4)
A
Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore, Parasites.
3
Q
What is the difference between complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis?
A
Complete means complete change
4
Q
Define bilateral symmetry.
A
You can only cut an organism in one way in order for them to be symmetrical.
5
Q
Define radial symmetry.
A
You can cut an organism in any way, and they will be symmetrical. (As long as they are through the centre)
6
Q
Define asymmetry.
A
No
7
Q
What is ectoderm?
A
It is the outer layer of the body. It gives rise to skin, nervous system, feathers, scales, hair, nails. Anything is on the outside, it is ectoderm.
8
Q
What are the three types of symmetry in animals?
A
Bilateral, Radial, asymmetrical
9
Q
What is endoderm?
A
They are on the inside, kind of like the layer of skin in your mouth, your tube and you digestive system.
10
Q
What do you call anything in between ectoderm and endoderm?
A
Mesoderm.
11
Q
What is the difference between a diploblast and a triploblast?
A
Diploblast has two skin layers, but triploblast has three. Mesoderm is only present in triploblast.
12
Q
T/F: Diploblast is the only one that has mesoderm.
A
False, Mesoderm is only present in triploblast.
13
Q
What are the two types of metamorphosis?
A
Complete, incomplete
14
Q
What are the two types of digestive body plans?
A
Complete, incomplete
15
Q
What is the difference between the complete and incomplete body plan?
A
2/1 digestive entry/exit
16
Q
What is coelom? (pronounced sea-lum)
A
Coelum is what fills between organs and body wall.
17
Q
T/F: Organ is concealed inside the coelum
A
True
18
Q
What is difference between pseudocoelomate and coelomate?
A
Psudo- means that it is not complete covered by coelum. This probably means that one of the borders is shared by endoderm.
19
Q
What is a protome(?) / protostome
A
The first indent made is a mouth.
20
Q
What is a deuterostome?
A
The first indent made a anus
21
Q
What are the two types of development, then made a dent?
A
Protostome and deuterostome
22
Q
What are the three types of coleom?
A
Acoelomate, Coelomate, Pseudocoelomate
23
Q
What does sessile mean?
A
Don’t move
24
Q
What does monoecious and hermaphrodite mean?
A
It has both sexes on same organism
25
What does filter feeders mean?
It eat whatever they can catch (stationary)
26
What are choanocytes?
Collar cells, they have flagellum to beat water to try and eat anything.
27
What do you call any organisms that eats whatever they can catch?
Filter feeders
28
What is the scientific name of collar cells?
Choanocytes
29
What is the term for both sexes on the same organism?
Monoecious or hermaphrodite
30
What do you call things that don't move?
You - jkjk - Sessile
31
What do amoebocytes do in a sponge?
Everything
32
What organism have amoebocytes?
Sponges
33
What are the three materials that spicules can be made of?
Silica (Siliceous, spongin, calcium/calcareous)
34
What is the osculum?
Top of the sponge.
35
What do you call the top of the sponge?
Osculum
36
For a sponge, where are the food filtered?
At the collar
37
For a sponge, how do they digest food?
Endocytotsis, or it gets passed onto another cell (amoebocyte)
38
What are three jobs that amoebocytes must do?
Transport food, makes sex cells, and make spicules.
39
What is the role of gemmules?
They are sphere shaped collection of amebocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules, they can exist for long periods of time.
40
How do sponges get their food?
They are filter feeders, they pump water, and trap whatever nutrients that may pass through them.
41
Water enters the sponge through what?
Incurrent pore
42
What exits the sponge through what?
Osculum
43
What cells help the circulation of water in sponges?
Collar cells / choanocytes
44
What two substances give the sponge support?
Spongia, Spicules
45
What are epithelials?
They are cells on the outside of the sponge.
46
What do you call cells that are on the outer surface of the sponge?
Epithelials.
47
Cnidaria has what general characteristics?
Stinging cells
48
What symmetry do Cnidarias have?
Radial
49
Cnidarias have two body plans:
Tubular (polyp) (pointing up), and bell-shaped (medusa) (pointing down)
50
What is polyp?
Tubular body plan for Cnidarias that is pointing up.
51
How many layers of tissues does Cnidarias have?
2
52
How many layers of tissue does Poriforas have?
0
53
What is medusa?
Bell shaped body plan for Cnidarias, pointing down
54
What is the difference between monoecious and dioecious?
Monoecious means that reproductive organs of both sexes are present in the same organism, but the dioecious means that reproductive organs are not present in the same organism, and only one of them are present.
55
What is mesoglea?
They are squishy stuff in cniderias.
56
Does medusa have more mesglea then polyp?
Yes
57
What do you call squishy stuff found in Cniderias?
Mesoglea
58
Name the two functions of the gastrovascular cavity?
Digest and the movement of materials.
59
What do you call stinging cells?
Cnidocyte
60
Cnidocyte has a capsule called...
Nematocyst
61
Nematocyst contains what?
A long coiled thread / paralyzing toxins
62
What can nematocytes be fill with?
Paralyzing toxins
63
What is a nematocyst?
They are a capsule in cnidocytes that can sting others.
64
Cnidocytes are known as what cells?
Stinging cells
65
T/F: Cnidarias only reproduce asexually.
False, it depends.
66
Explain hope and pray reproduction.
Medusas produces sperms and eggs into the water, hoping that they will come together.
67
T/F: Hope and pray reproduction only happens with the medusa form.
True.
67
How do Polyps reproduce?
They produces asexually through budding or fragmentation. (They could produce sexually as well?)
68
T/F: Fragmentation happens with both medusas and polyps.
True
69
Do cnidarias have muscle tissues?
Yes
70
Do poriferas have nerves?
No.
71
Do cnidarias have nerves
Yes
72
What types of nerves do cnidarias have?
Nerve nets
73
What is statocysts and what is their functions?
They are for balance and to keep upright.
74
What is ocelli and what is their function?
They are the eyes, they detect quantity and quality of lights.
75
T/F: Polyp has more more sensory cells.
False, Medusas do.
76
What do you call organisms with two germ layers?
Diploblasts
77
What do you call organisms with three germ layers?
Triploblasts.
78
Diploblasts have a lack of which layer?
Mesoderm.
79
What do you call triploblasts that do not develop a coelom?
Acoelomates
80
What do you call the large central cavity in the sponge?
Spongocoel.
81
What do you call the jelly like substance that separates the choanocytes and the outside germ cells?
Mesohyl.
82
What is a spongocoel?
It is the large cavity at the center of a sponge.
83
What is a mesohyl?
It is the jelly like substance that separates the outside germ cells (epilitherial) and the choanocytes.
84
What do you call digestion that takes place with cells directly?
Intracellular digestion.
85
Explain intracellular digestion.
The food is digested through phagocytosis.
86
T/F: Cnidarians perform intracellular digestion.
False, they perform extracellular digestion.
87
Where is the food taken into inside a cnidaria?
Gastrovascular cavity.
88
What is Cephalization?
All sensory organs are in the head region.
89
How many layers of skin in flat worms?
Three
90
How many reproductive organs does flat worm phylum have?
One for both sexes (or two)
91
Does flat worms have coelom? What is this called?
Acoelomates, no coelom.
92
What is the internal transport of flat worm phylum?
Gastrovascular cavity.
93
How does tape worms take in food?
Sucks in through the pharynx.
94
How do tape worm phylum reproduce?
Fragmentation.
95
What are the two functions of intestines inside worm?
Digestion and absorption.
96
What four characters in earth worms do you see?
Bilateral, segments, heterotrophs, eukaryotic.
97
What divides segmented worms?
Septum/Septa?
98
What is Septum/Septa?
It divides segmented worms into parts.
99
What is a closed circulatory system?
Blood will only pass through specific veins.
100
What is responsible for internal transports in segmented worms?
circulatory system.
101
How does air go into segmented worms?
diffusion.
102
What are the two types of muscles in worms?
Circular, longitudinal
103
What is the circular muscle's function
Contracts, expands
104
What is the function of crop?
Temperory food storage?
105
What is the function of the gizzard?
They're the teeth of the worm.
106
What the function of the clitellum?
It forms mucus ring around another worm and exchange (pick up) sperm and eggs.
107
What does Echinodermata's mean?
"Spiny skin"
108
What symmetry does an Echinodermata have?
Pentaradial symmetry
109
What type of skeleton does an Echinodermata have?
Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate.
110
What phylum has a watervascular system?
Echinodermata "Spiky Skin"
111
What are the four jobs of the watervascular stem?
locomotion, respiration, excretion, and feeding.
112
How does a starfish eat?
By throwing its stomach out of its mouth.
113
What stomach is being thrown at the food for a starfish?
Cardiac stomach
114
What is responsible for star fish's internal transport?
Digestive glands
115
What is a pedicellate?
It is the defense mechanism.
116
What are the three things that are responsible of sensory cells?
Chemicals, ocelli, and statocysts
117
What is a sieve plate?
It's on sea stars, it lets water in, powering the hydraulic system.
118
What is a gonad?
Gonads are ovaries and testes that run down the arm for external fertilization.
119
What is responsible for reproduction with sea stars?
Gonads.
120
What does the sea star need to regenrate?
central disk.
121
What does visceral mass contain?
All the internal organs.
122
Name four things phylum Mollusca has.
A shell (maybe but made always made from calcium carbonate), a visceral mass / internal organ mass stuff, a mantle that covers the visceral mass, and a foot - the ventral muscular foot
123
What does the mantle do for the phylum Mollusca?
Cover the visceral mass?
124
Does all Mollusca have shells?
No
125
What are all shells made of?
Calcium Carbonate.
126
What is a radula?
A tongue that has tiny little teeth that scrapes food into its mouth.
127
Are Mollusca Acoelomate?
NO, they are Coelomate.
128
How is the radula supported?
It is supported by a rod of cartilage.
129
Does the phylum Mollusca only are carnivores?
No, they could be herbivores, carnivores, and filter feeders
130
Describe the difference between open and closed circulatory system.
In a closed system, blood is only in the veins. In an open system. The blood kinda just hangs around.
131
What is hemolymph
Blood + intestinal fluid?
132
What are the three hearts in a squid
2 Gill hearts. 1 Systemic hearts.
133
How do Mollsucs perform respiration
Gills if underwater, lungs if land.
134
How does solid waste go through Molluscas?
Anus
135
How does liquid waste go through Molluscas?
Nephridia.
136
What is chromatopores?
It could be used to flash lights at predators or blend in. Color changing.
137
Are snails diecious?
No, they are monecious/hermaphrodite
138
Are squids and octopuses diecious?
Yes, they use hope and pray method.
139
What are the three possibilities of reproduction in Molluscs?
Hope and Pray, Self-fertilization, fertilization inside females.
140
Class Gastropod means?
Stomach-footed
141
How does the class gastopod move?
They have muscles that contract. (stomach foot?)
142
Class Cephalopods means?
"Head-footed"
143
Do Mollusks have ventral nerve cords?
Yes.
144
Do mollusks have mantle cavity that contains hemolymph?
No.
145
What is hemolymph?
They are blood-like structures for Mollusks, arachnids, and insects.
146
What is nephridia?
They are responsible for removing nitrogenous waste.
147
What is responsible for removing nitrogenous waste in earthworms?
Nephridia / nephridium
148
What does Arthropoda mean?
Jointed
149
What are Arthropoda's exoskeleton made of?
Chiton
150
What organisms have exoskeletons made of chiton?
Arthropoda
151
Arthropodas have endo/exo skeleton
Exo
152
Name the three parts that make up the body plan of a Arthropoda
Head, Thorax, Abdomen
153
Arthropoda has open/closed circulatory system
open
154
What phylum has compound eye?
Arthropoda
155
What is molting
Growing out of an exoskeleton
156
What do you call growing out of an exoskeleton?
Molting.
157
What do arthropods hide after momlting?
They do not have a skeleton, they have to wait until it grows
158
Explain spiracles in Arthropoda
When an Arthropoda moves, spiracles open up and air is exchanged.
159
What are the three ways Arthropods can breathe?
Tracheal system, book lungs, gills
160
What is a Cephlothorax?
The head and the thorax are fused together.
161
Which phylum uses Malpighian Tubules?
Arthropoda
162
What is Malpighian Tubules?
They are primitive kidney that gives out liquid waste
163
What do earthworms and Arthropods excrete?
Diffusion-ish
164
What is part of the subphylum Chelicerata?
Spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites, and horseshoe crabs
165
Subphylum Chelicerata have how many pairs of legs and how many to walk?
6, 4
166
What is Chelicerae?
Claws / fangs
167
What is pedipalps?
Used for feeding, sensing, transferring sperm in spider-like subphylum/
168
What is used for feeding, sensing, transferring sperm in spider-like subphylum?
Pedipalps.
169
What is part of Crustacea?
Shrimps, barnacles, crabs, pillbugs, woodbugs.
170
Do crustacea need to be dry at all times due to their lungs?
FALSE - they need to be wet at all times due to their gills.
171
What is the difference between centipedes and millipedes
Centipedes have a set of legs per segment, but in millipede, they have two set of legs per segment. Centipedes are flat but millipedes are round.
172
What does hexapoda mean?
It has six legs.
173
What does vertebrae mean?
Has backbone.
174
What are the four common characteristics of phylum Chordata?
1. They have Notochord (they are backbone!)
2. Hollow dorsal nerve chord (spinal chord!)
3. Gill slits or pouches (We had some gill pouches when we were human embryos!)
4. Postanal tail (Tailbone!)
175
What are the three common traits in the subphylum vertebrata?
Paired appendages
Closed circulatory system
Endoskeleton
176
What does cold blooded mean?
Body temperature dependent on the environment.
177
What is the scientific name for cold blooded?
Ectotherm
178
What do you call the big nose on shrimp?
Rostrum.
179
Describe the pairs of legs from head to toe in shrimps
Maxilipeds, cheliped, pereipod, pleopod
180
What is the rectum?
It stores waste
181
Name two things that distinct mammals to other things
The mother can produce milk, there is hair/
fur on the animal.
182
What are monotremes?
