Animal Welfare in Population Health

Question 1

what do AVMA’s policies pertain to

Answer 1

animals used in research, teaching, and testing

Question 2

what is the overriding goal of the AWA and the AVMA animal welfare policies?

Answer 2

avoid animal pain and distress

Question 3

what institution inspects all animals used in research, teaching, and testing in facilities wanting to demonstrate their compliance with The Guide

Answer 3

AAALAC international

Question 4

what are the general steps of creating change

Answer 4

1. tradition
2. social conflict and politics
3. social pressure on institutions
4. revised public policies
5. revised laws and regulations
6. evolving traditions

Question 5

Animal Welfare Act regulating agency

Answer 5

USDA APHIS
(Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)

enforced by veterinarians

Question 6

Animal Welfare Act goal and methods of enforcement

Answer 6

reduce pain and suffering in animals used in teaching, research, and testing

NOT rats, mice, birds

established requirements, inspections, IACUC, and funding

Question 7

US Constitution Commerce Clause and Public Health Service Act enforcing agency

Answer 7

CDC

Question 8

US Constitution Commerce Clause and Public Health Service Act main goals

Answer 8

prevents dog imports from rabies countries

requires US dogs returning from another country to be vaccinated, titers, and chipped

Question 9

US Gov. Principles for Use of Vertebrate Animals in Teaching, Research, and Training (NIH Policy) enforcing agency

Answer 9

OLAW (office of laboratory animal welfare)

AAALAC International Accreditation (performs inspections)

Question 10

US Gov. Principles for Use of Vertebrate Animals in Teaching, Research, and Training (NIH Policy) main goals

Answer 10

compliance with “The Guide to the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” for all vertebrates INCLUDING rats, mice, and birds

Question 11

what are the two major legislative shifts that have occurred

Answer 11

1. stolen pets
2. draize testing on rabbits

Question 12

what did stolen pets lead to

Answer 12

Lab Animal Welfare Act

Question 13

what did draize testing on rabbits lead to

Answer 13

major revisions of the AWA to include IACUC and require use of alternatives when possible

created the Health Research Extension Act

Question 14

revisions to Animal Welfare Act in 1985

Answer 14

• enforcement by APHIS
• established university IACUC
• implemented responsible university officials
• requires consideration of alternatives to painful procedures (policy 11 and 12)
• required training in animal care
• specified animals in research, testing, and teaching but NOT rats, mice, birds

Question 15

USDA policy 11

Answer 15

requires the principal investigators to consider alternatives to procedures that cause more than momentary or slight pain or distress to animals

Question 16

USDA policy 12

Answer 16

requires a written narrative of methods used and sources consulted

Question 17

is there a systemic inspection process in place for imported dogs

Answer 17

NO

Question 18

what are the levels of rabies control in the US

Answer 18

1. AWA: required import permit at 6 months of age including vet exam, rabies vaccine, and ID
2. US Constitution Public Health Service Act: no dogs can be imported from rabies countries

Question 19

Healthy Dog Importation Act

Answer 19

prohibits the importation of a live dog into the US unless the USDA determines the dog is in good health, has received all vaccines and parasite treatment and negative test results, and is permanently IDed

dogs must be 6 months old or older

proposed 2023 bill

APHIS would be the enforcing agency

Question 20

when was the AWA modified to include birds

Answer 20

2002

no enforcement measures were in place until 2023

Question 21

AVMA Welfare Policies

Answer 21

consensus opinions for standard of practice and care; published every 3 years

includes many controversial topics involving veterinarians, farmers, etc.