Animal Tissues, Organs And Organ Systems Flashcards
What is the digestive system
Digestive system is an organ system where several organs work together to digest and absorb food.
Describe the structure, function and optimum conditions for enzymes
Function - they are biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions within cells
Structure - they include an active site which is where the substrate binds to
Optimum conditions - temperature, Ph level, substrate concentration
Define denaturation
If enzymes are exposed to extremes of pH or high temperatures the shape of their active site may change. If this happens then the substrate will no longer fit into the enzymes.
Recall the sites of production and the action of amylase, proteases and lipases.
Amylase - produced in salivary glands and pancreas. Amylase breaks down starch and glycogen into sugars
Protease - produced in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine. Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids
Lipase - produced in the pancreas and stomach. Lipase breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
What do enzymes do
They break down large food molecules into smaller molecules so they can be easily absorbed into the bloodstream
State that the products of digestion are used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
Amylase, lipase, protease
Recall where bile is made and stored and its pH and function
Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, its Ph is between 7 to 8.6. Bile emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid
State conditions that increase the rate of fat breakdown by lipase.
Optimum temperature, ph
What is the heart and its functions
The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body.
Name the major blood vessels
Artery
Vein
Capillary
Describe the structure of the lungs
There are two lungs and a bronchus leads into each one. Each Bronchus splits into hundreds of smaller tubes, called bronchioles. Each bronchiole leads into tiny air sacs called an alveoli
Explain natural and artificial pacemakers
Natural pacemakers are groups of specialised cells in the heart that generate electrical impulses.
Artificial pacemakers are a medical device implanted in the chest that regulates the hearts rhythm
Name the three ditferent types of blood vessel and explain how the structure of these vessels relates to their functions.
Artery - thick outer wall, thick inner wall, narrow lumen, transports oxygenated blood away from heart at a high pressure
Vein - thin outer wall, thin inner wall, wide lumen, transports blood towards the heart at low pressure
Capillaries - links arteries and vein, they are 1 cell thick
Describe the components of blood and who they are adapted to function
Red blood cells - oxygen binds to haemoglobin to become oxyhemoglobin
White blood cells - protects you from infections and viruses
Plasma - hormones, CO2, water
Platelets - clots your blood
Describe coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease
Coronary heart disease CHD is a non-communicable disease which is where fatty deposits build up in the coronary artery’s. It reduces blood flow to the heart. It can lead to chest pain and heart attacks
