Animal tissues, organs, and organ systems Flashcards
What is a cell?
Basic structural and functional unit of a living organism
What is a tissue?
Group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function
What is an organ?
Structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions
What is an organ system?
Group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions
What are the different molecules?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Why cant the molecules pass through the absorbing surface of the gut wall?
Too large
What is amylase?
An enzyme that can break down starch into simple sugars
What is bile?
A substance produced in the liver. It emulsifies fats to prepare them for digestion
What is carbohydrase?
Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
What is the definition of denatured?
To change the shape of an enzyme’s active site
Enzyme no longer works
What is digestion?
The breakdown of large insoluble food molecules to smaller soluble ones
They are then able to be absorbed into the blood
What does emulsify mean?
To mix water with fats and oils to produce a cloudy mixture called an emulsion
What is an enzyme?
A protein which catalyses or speeds up a chemical reaction
What is the function of the gaul bladder?
Stores bile before releasing it into the duodenum
What is glucose?
A simple sugar used by cells for respiration
What is the function of the liver?
processing substances absorbed by the digestive system and a role in the storage of the body’s carbohydrate
Produces bile
What is the pancreas?
produces digestive enzymes
What organs make up the digestive system?
Mouth (physical breakdown + chewing) (salivary glands)
Oesophagus
stomach (contracts muscular walls + produces pepsin + HCL)
Small intestine (food absorbed into bloodstream)
Pancreas (produces lots of enzymes)
Large intestine (absorbs excess water)
Liver (produces bile)
Gaul bladder (stores bile)
Function of the mouth?
Begins the digestion of carbohydrates
What is the function of the stomach?
Begins the digestion of protein; small molecules such as alcohol absorbed
What is the function of the small intestine? (Duodenum)
Continues the digestion of carbohydrate and protein; begins the digestion of lipids
What is the function of the small intestine?
Ileum
Completes the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins into single sugars and amino acids;
absorption of single sugars, amino acids and fatty acids and glycerol
What is the function of the large intestine?
Absorption of water; egestion of undigested food
What is the function of digestive enzymes?
used to break down food in the gut into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed through the gut wall
How is the small intestine adapted?
intestine wall is folded, and contains villi
What is the product of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars
What is the product of starch?
Glucose
What does the liver excrete?
Bile
Where is bile stored?
Gaull bladder
What is surface area to volume ratio?
surface area, defines how quickly they can absorb substances
size of their volume defines how much of these substances they need
How is exchange surfaces in the leaf adapted?
Flattered structure
How is exchange surfaces in the small intestine adapted?
Villi - network of blood capillaries in each villus in the small intestine
How is the villi adapted?
Finger-like projections in the small intestine that provide a large surface area for the absorption of food
Very good blood supply
Single layer of surface cells
How is exchange surfaces in the lungs adapted?
the network of blood capillaries that surrounds each alveolus in the lungs
What is the lock and key model theory?
Substrate had to fit perfectly
How are villi adapted?
- Micro villi which increases surface area
- So more molecules can be absorbed into the bloosstream
- Thin walls
