animal studies Flashcards
define extrapolation
generalisation from animals to humans or humans to animals
when are animals used in experiments
when it can’t be conducted on humans due to ethical problems
what percentage of psychological research uses animals
8%
what percent of animal research uses rodents and birds
90%
what parent of animal research uses primates
5%
what are some arguments supporting the use of animals in experiments
Gray argued that we have a responsibility to our species to understand as much as we can
Singer said that research should take place if its for the greater good
evolution makes generalising animal findings to humans appropriate
what are some arguments against the use of animals
speciesism
we have a moral obligation to protect other species
animals have different drives and consciousness so findings aren’t useful so it’s unethical
what are the 3 R’s
Replacing animals with non sentient alternatives where possible
Reducing the number of animals used
Refining procedures to minimise suffering
what act discusses animal care
animal welfare act 2006
what act discusses all animal research
the animals (scientific procedures) act 1986
what does the housing conditions legislation say
caging must be suitable for the species
overcrowding should be avoided
previous social experiments of the animal should be taken into account
what does the reward, deprivation and aversive stimuli legislation say
some food deprivation is allowed but giving free access to food may not be good
normal metabolic rates must be considered when deprivation is used
what does the anaesthetic, analgesic and euthanasia legislation say
painkillers should be used if necessary
should have post operative care to reduce stress
human killing should be undertaken if necessary
what does batesons cube help us evaluate
cost to the animal
benefit of the research
quality of the research
what is the cost vs benefit analysis
high animal cost + low benefits = unethical
low animal cost + high benefits = ethical
