Animal Studies Flashcards
what was the method of Lorenzo’s study
carried out his experiment with grey lag geese in two conditions:
condition 1 - he was the first thing that the goose chikcs saw when they hatched
condition 2 - the goose mother was the first thing the goose chicks saw when they hatched
what where the results of lorenzo’’s study
condition 1 - the chicks who saw lorenzo before anything else followed him like he was their mother
condition 2 - the chikcs which saw thier mother first followed her when they were young
what is imprinting
this is the tendencey to form an attachment to the first large moving object seen after birth
what was found later by lorezo about the tendency to imprint
in later sudies he foudn that the strongest tendency to imprint was within 13 to 16 hours after the hatch, by 32 hours the tendency has passed
what is the critical period
this is the window of development where imprinting can take place
what is the method used in the expirment conducted by Harlow
Harlow aimed to find out wether baby monkeys would prefer a food source or a source of comfort as an attachmatn figure. monkeys where raised in isolation they had two surrogate mothers one was made of wire mesh containg a feeding holder and one was made of cloth but didnt contain a feeding bottle
what where the reuslt of harlow’s study
the monkeys spend most the time clinging to the cloth surrogate and only used the wire surrogate to feed. When the monkeys grew up they showed signs of emotional and social disturbance. The females were bad mothers who were often violent towards their offspring
what was the consulion of harlows study
Infant monkeys formed more of an attachment with a figure that provided comfort and protection. Growing up in isolation affected their development.
what is some negtive evaluation of harlows study
- However, it can be argued that you can’t generalise the results of this study to human beings, because humans and moneys are qualitatively different.
- There were also ethical problems with this study- the monkeys were put in a stressful situation, and later they showed signs of being psychologically damaged by the experiment. Monkeys are social animals, so it was unfair to keep them in isolation.
- The fact that they were in isolation also means the study lacked ecological validity- the monkeys weren’t in their natural environment, so the results cannot be reliably applied to real life.
what is some posotive evaluation of harlows study
This was a laboratory experiment, so there was strict control of the variables. This means that it’s unlikely the results were affected by an unknown variable.
what was found during harlows continued research about the behavhour of monkeys when a fearful stimulous was added
- monkeys with a cloth surogate would cling to it before exploring the object.
- monkeys with only a wire surogate would remain frozen or widley run around the cage
what did a variation of harlows study find about food in attachment
when the monkeys where given the choice between a cloth surogate with food and one without they would still pefer the one with food.
what is a posotive evalutation of sexual imprinting
the birds which imprinte on humans later dispalyed courtship behvaiours towards humans.
a pecock in the same enclousure as a turtle would show courtship behvaiours towards it
what was a some negtive evaulation for sexaul imprinting
chickens imprinted on a plastic washing up glove would try to mate with them as adults but would learn to mate with other chickens suggesting this is not perimnant
what is some practical value from the animal studies
research helped social workers to understant risk factors in child neglect and how to prevent it
