ANIMAL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Flashcards
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
FUNCTIONS: COVERS AND LINES BODY SURFACES AND CAVITIES; PROTECTS AND FORMS DIFFERENT BODY STRUCTURES
CELL TYPES: SQUAMOUS, CUBODIAL, COLUMNAR CELLS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
FUNCTIONS: PROTECTION, STORAGE, SUPPORT, BINDING, AND SYNTHESIS OF BLOOD CELLS
CELL TYPES: CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER, LOOSE AND DENSE, CARTILAGE, BONE, ADIPOSE, BLOOD CELLS
MUSCLE TISSUE
FUNCTIONS: FUNCTIONS FOR THE MOVEMENT AND CONTRACTION OF VARIOUS PARTS OF THE ORGANISM
CELL TYPES: SKELETAL, SMOOTH, CARDIAC
NERVOUS TISSUE
FUNCTIONS: CONTROLS RESPONSES OF THE ORGANISMS TO DIFFERENT STIMULI
CELL TYPES: NEURONS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INTAKE OF FOOD, PROCESSING FOOD INTO NUTRIENTS, AND THE ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS
MOUTH
MECHANICAL CRUSHING AND TEARING OF FOOD INTO SMALLER PIECES
ESOPHAGUS
SERVES AS THE TRANSPORT CHUTE INTO THE STOMACH
STOMACH
LARGE ELASTIC SACK WHERE FOOD IS MIXED WITH DIGESTIVE CHEMICALS; SITE FOR DIGESTION OF PROTEINS
SMALL INTESTINE
ABSORBS NUTRIENTS FROM THE DIGESTED FOOD; SITE FOR DIGESTION OF FATS
LARGE INTESTINE
REABSORBTION OF FLUIDS AND TEMPORARY STORAGE OF UNDIGESTED MATERIALS
RED BLOOD CELLS
SMALL ENUCLEATED DISK-SHAPED CELLS CARRYING GASES THROUGHOUT THE BODY
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
BODY DEFENSE BY ACTIVELY ELIMINATING HARMFUL INVADING MICROORGANISMS
PLATELETS
RESPONSIBLE FOR WOUND REPAIR BY FORMING BLOOD CLOTS
PLASMA
YELLOW AQUEOUS LIQUID RESPONSIBLE FOR CIRCULATING DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES
ARTERIES
BLOOD VESSELS GOING OUT OF THE HEART (EXCEPT FOR PULMONARY ARTERIES THAT CARRY BLOOD TOWARD THE LUNGS)
VEINS
BLOOD VESSELS GOING INTO THE HEART (EXCEPT FOR PULMONARY VEINS THAT CARRY BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART, FROM THE LUNGS)
CAPILLARIES
NARROW, NETTED BLOOD VESSELS SURROUNDING TISSUES FOR NUTRIENTS AND GAS EXCHANGE
BLOOD FLOW
BODY -> INFERIOR VENA CAVA -> SUPERIOR VENA CAVA -> RIGHT ATRIUM -> RIGHT VENTRICLE -> PULMONARY ARTERY -> LEFT ATRIUM -> LEFT VENTRICLE -> AORTA -> REST OF THE BODY
BLOOD TYPES
DETERMINED BY THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CERTAIN ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES IN THE BLOOD; THESE COMBINATIONS ALSO DETERMINE WHETHER A PERSON OF A CERTAIN BLOOD TYPE CAN DONATE OR RECEIVE BLOOD
NERVOUS SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTROL OF THE BODILY FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSES TO STIMULI
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION FROM STIMULI AND PROVIDING RESPONSES; INVOLVES THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
SPINAL CORD
CONDUCTS IMPULSES AND MESSAGES FROM THE BRAIN TO THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY
PONS
CENTER OF COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION BETWEEN 2 HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN
MEDULLA
CONTROLS INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS
CEREBELLUM
COORDINATES MOVEMENT AND BALANCE
HYPOTHALAMUS
MAINTAINS BODY HOMOEOSTASIS
CEREBRUM
HIGHER-ORDER FUNCTIONS SUCH AS PERCEPTION, THINKING, VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT, AND LEARNING
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR DETECTING STIMULI FROM THE DIFFERENT SENSORY ORGANS; INVOLVES SENSORY AND MOTOR NERVES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF GASES
NASAL CAVITY
ENTRY POINT OF AIR; FILTERS USING NOSE HAIRS; HOUSES THE SMELL SENSORY ORGAN
PHARYNX
SWITCHES FLOW BETWEEN THE TRACHEA AND THE ESOPHAGUS
LARYNX
VIBRATES WHEN AIR PASSES THROUGH PRODUCING SOUND; KNOWN AS THE VOICE BOX
TRACHEA
PASSAGEWAY OF AIR FROM NASAL CAVITY; SEPARATES INTO 2 BRONCHI THAT SEPARATES INTO SMALLER BRONCHIOLES
ALVEOLI
SMALL SACS AT THE END OF BRONCHIOLES WHERE AIR EXCHANGE OCCURS
DIAPHRAGM
SHEET OF MUSCLE THAT INFLATES THE LUNGS
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR LOCOMOTION OF THE ORGANISM
SKELETAL MUSCLES
ATTACHED TO THE BONES; MOVES THE BONES USING MUSCLE PAIRS THAT CONTRACT AND RELAX; TYPICALLY VOLUNTARILY CONTROLLED
SMOOTH MUSCLES
SURROUNDS INTERNAL ORGANS THAT REQUIRE MOVEMENT; TYPICALLY INVOLUNTARILY CONTROLLED
CARDIAC MUSCLES
MAIN COMPONENT OF THE HEART; PRODUCES THE PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART
SKELETAL SYSTEM
PROVIDES STRUCTURAL SUPPORT TO MANY ORGANISMS
BONES
MADE OF PRIMARILY CALCIFIED CELLS; SOME ARE HOLLOW THAT HOUSES BONE MARROW THAT PRODUCES RED BLOOD CELLS; MOSTLY POROUS TO OPTIMIZE WEIGHT AND RIGIDITY
TENDONS
SERVES AS CONNECTION BETWEEN MUSCLES AND BONES
CARTILAGE
SOFTER MATERIAL THAT SERVES AS GAP FILLERS, AND SHAPE EXTENSIONS; ALSO FOUND IN JOINTS TO REDUCE WEAR BETWEEN THE BONES
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS OF AN ORGANISM; DIFFERENT FOR MALES AND FEMALES
EXCETORY SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR ELIMINATING WASTE FROM THE BODY
IMMUNE SYSTEM
RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTING THE BODY FROM HARMFUL ORGANISMS THAT INVADE THE BODY
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
CHEMICAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR REGULATING FUNCTIONS IN THE BODY
HUMAN SENSORY ORGANS
EYES, EARS, TONGUE, NOSE, SKIN