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SCIENCE > ANIMAL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS > Flashcards

ANIMAL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

FUNCTIONS: COVERS AND LINES BODY SURFACES AND CAVITIES; PROTECTS AND FORMS DIFFERENT BODY STRUCTURES

CELL TYPES: SQUAMOUS, CUBODIAL, COLUMNAR CELLS

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2
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

FUNCTIONS: PROTECTION, STORAGE, SUPPORT, BINDING, AND SYNTHESIS OF BLOOD CELLS

CELL TYPES: CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER, LOOSE AND DENSE, CARTILAGE, BONE, ADIPOSE, BLOOD CELLS

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3
Q

MUSCLE TISSUE

A

FUNCTIONS: FUNCTIONS FOR THE MOVEMENT AND CONTRACTION OF VARIOUS PARTS OF THE ORGANISM

CELL TYPES: SKELETAL, SMOOTH, CARDIAC

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4
Q

NERVOUS TISSUE

A

FUNCTIONS: CONTROLS RESPONSES OF THE ORGANISMS TO DIFFERENT STIMULI

CELL TYPES: NEURONS

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5
Q

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INTAKE OF FOOD, PROCESSING FOOD INTO NUTRIENTS, AND THE ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

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6
Q

MOUTH

A

MECHANICAL CRUSHING AND TEARING OF FOOD INTO SMALLER PIECES

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7
Q

ESOPHAGUS

A

SERVES AS THE TRANSPORT CHUTE INTO THE STOMACH

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8
Q

STOMACH

A

LARGE ELASTIC SACK WHERE FOOD IS MIXED WITH DIGESTIVE CHEMICALS; SITE FOR DIGESTION OF PROTEINS

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9
Q

SMALL INTESTINE

A

ABSORBS NUTRIENTS FROM THE DIGESTED FOOD; SITE FOR DIGESTION OF FATS

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10
Q

LARGE INTESTINE

A

REABSORBTION OF FLUIDS AND TEMPORARY STORAGE OF UNDIGESTED MATERIALS

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11
Q

RED BLOOD CELLS

A

SMALL ENUCLEATED DISK-SHAPED CELLS CARRYING GASES THROUGHOUT THE BODY

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12
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

A

BODY DEFENSE BY ACTIVELY ELIMINATING HARMFUL INVADING MICROORGANISMS

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13
Q

PLATELETS

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR WOUND REPAIR BY FORMING BLOOD CLOTS

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14
Q

PLASMA

A

YELLOW AQUEOUS LIQUID RESPONSIBLE FOR CIRCULATING DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES

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15
Q

ARTERIES

A

BLOOD VESSELS GOING OUT OF THE HEART (EXCEPT FOR PULMONARY ARTERIES THAT CARRY BLOOD TOWARD THE LUNGS)

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16
Q

VEINS

A

BLOOD VESSELS GOING INTO THE HEART (EXCEPT FOR PULMONARY VEINS THAT CARRY BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART, FROM THE LUNGS)

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17
Q

CAPILLARIES

A

NARROW, NETTED BLOOD VESSELS SURROUNDING TISSUES FOR NUTRIENTS AND GAS EXCHANGE

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18
Q

BLOOD FLOW

A

BODY -> INFERIOR VENA CAVA -> SUPERIOR VENA CAVA -> RIGHT ATRIUM -> RIGHT VENTRICLE -> PULMONARY ARTERY -> LEFT ATRIUM -> LEFT VENTRICLE -> AORTA -> REST OF THE BODY

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19
Q

BLOOD TYPES

A

DETERMINED BY THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CERTAIN ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES IN THE BLOOD; THESE COMBINATIONS ALSO DETERMINE WHETHER A PERSON OF A CERTAIN BLOOD TYPE CAN DONATE OR RECEIVE BLOOD

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20
Q

NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTROL OF THE BODILY FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSES TO STIMULI

21
Q

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION FROM STIMULI AND PROVIDING RESPONSES; INVOLVES THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

22
Q

SPINAL CORD

A

CONDUCTS IMPULSES AND MESSAGES FROM THE BRAIN TO THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY

23
Q

PONS

A

CENTER OF COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION BETWEEN 2 HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN

24
Q

MEDULLA

A

CONTROLS INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS

25
Q

CEREBELLUM

A

COORDINATES MOVEMENT AND BALANCE

26
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS

A

MAINTAINS BODY HOMOEOSTASIS

27
Q

CEREBRUM

A

HIGHER-ORDER FUNCTIONS SUCH AS PERCEPTION, THINKING, VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT, AND LEARNING

28
Q

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR DETECTING STIMULI FROM THE DIFFERENT SENSORY ORGANS; INVOLVES SENSORY AND MOTOR NERVES

29
Q

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF GASES

30
Q

NASAL CAVITY

A

ENTRY POINT OF AIR; FILTERS USING NOSE HAIRS; HOUSES THE SMELL SENSORY ORGAN

31
Q

PHARYNX

A

SWITCHES FLOW BETWEEN THE TRACHEA AND THE ESOPHAGUS

32
Q

LARYNX

A

VIBRATES WHEN AIR PASSES THROUGH PRODUCING SOUND; KNOWN AS THE VOICE BOX

33
Q

TRACHEA

A

PASSAGEWAY OF AIR FROM NASAL CAVITY; SEPARATES INTO 2 BRONCHI THAT SEPARATES INTO SMALLER BRONCHIOLES

34
Q

ALVEOLI

A

SMALL SACS AT THE END OF BRONCHIOLES WHERE AIR EXCHANGE OCCURS

35
Q

DIAPHRAGM

A

SHEET OF MUSCLE THAT INFLATES THE LUNGS

36
Q

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR LOCOMOTION OF THE ORGANISM

37
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLES

A

ATTACHED TO THE BONES; MOVES THE BONES USING MUSCLE PAIRS THAT CONTRACT AND RELAX; TYPICALLY VOLUNTARILY CONTROLLED

38
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLES

A

SURROUNDS INTERNAL ORGANS THAT REQUIRE MOVEMENT; TYPICALLY INVOLUNTARILY CONTROLLED

39
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLES

A

MAIN COMPONENT OF THE HEART; PRODUCES THE PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART

40
Q

SKELETAL SYSTEM

A

PROVIDES STRUCTURAL SUPPORT TO MANY ORGANISMS

41
Q

BONES

A

MADE OF PRIMARILY CALCIFIED CELLS; SOME ARE HOLLOW THAT HOUSES BONE MARROW THAT PRODUCES RED BLOOD CELLS; MOSTLY POROUS TO OPTIMIZE WEIGHT AND RIGIDITY

42
Q

TENDONS

A

SERVES AS CONNECTION BETWEEN MUSCLES AND BONES

43
Q

CARTILAGE

A

SOFTER MATERIAL THAT SERVES AS GAP FILLERS, AND SHAPE EXTENSIONS; ALSO FOUND IN JOINTS TO REDUCE WEAR BETWEEN THE BONES

44
Q

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS OF AN ORGANISM; DIFFERENT FOR MALES AND FEMALES

45
Q

EXCETORY SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR ELIMINATING WASTE FROM THE BODY

46
Q

IMMUNE SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTING THE BODY FROM HARMFUL ORGANISMS THAT INVADE THE BODY

47
Q

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

A

CHEMICAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR REGULATING FUNCTIONS IN THE BODY

48
Q

HUMAN SENSORY ORGANS

A

EYES, EARS, TONGUE, NOSE, SKIN

SCIENCE (14 decks)

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