Animal research

Question 1

three main ethical approaches

Answer 1

virtue, deontology and util

Question 2

virtue ethics

Answer 2

right action will e chosen by a virtuous agent

Question 3

virtue ethicist

Answer 3

aristotle, philipa foot

Question 4

deontology

Answer 4

rule based

Question 5

deontologist

Answer 5

kant

Question 6

utilitarianism

Answer 6

greatest good for the greatest number

Question 7

utilitarianism ethicists

Answer 7

JS Mill J Bentham P Singer

Question 8

which is main school of thought around animal testing

Answer 8

util

Question 9

peter singer

Answer 9

animal liberation- ‘greatest good for the greatest number’- but believes animals have equal rights to humans

Question 10

when was the Animal scientific procedures act created and amended

Answer 10

1986/ 2013

Question 11

pain suffering and harm are measured by

Answer 11

Lower Veterinary Scale

Question 12

protected species are

Answer 12

all vertebrates other than human and cephalopods

Question 13

animal scientific procedures act 1986 promotes the

Answer 13

3Rs

Question 14

three tier licensing system administered through

Answer 14

the home office

Question 15

three tier licensing system

Answer 15

1) establishment licence
2) project licence
3) personal licence

Question 16

1) establishment licence

Answer 16

housing animals on premises and allows researchers to use animals in their work

Question 17

2) project licence

Answer 17

applied for by researchers- last for 5 years- researchers set out what they are going to do- a focus on harm-benefit analysis- have to justify use by outlining benefits as well as potential harms- takes around 6-12 months to gain

Question 18

3) personal licence

Answer 18

mandatory training programs- ten apply for personal licence- allowing them to carry out defined procedures- throughout life researchers will have ongoing assessments to make sure training is up to date.

Question 19

Home office inspectors- how many and how often do they come

Answer 19

24 and come every couple of months, sometimes unannounced

Question 20

Exeter university research

Answer 20

• Looking at behaviour of basking sharks
• Ecology and conservation
• Animal behaviour
• Biomedical- prevention and treatment of disease in humans and animals

Question 21

ethical review at UofE

Answer 21

Animal welfare and ethical review board is responsible for:

• Reviewing all project license application and amendments
• Disseminating guidance and compliance requirements
• Promoting the 3Rs
• Promoting the highest standards of care and welfare- ‘culture of care’
• Oversight of all research involving animals
• Membership: expertise and lay perspective

Question 22

what is a key focus

Answer 22

husbandry- how the animals are kept and caed for

Question 23

what is key

Answer 23

transparency

Question 24

the 3 Rs stand for

Answer 24

Replacement
Reduction
Refinement

Question 25

3Rs created by

Answer 25

Russel and Birch

Question 26

Replacement

Answer 26

Methods which avoid the use of animals, or replace animals defines as protected, in an experiment where they would have otherwise been used e.g. replacing mice with wax moth lavvy

Question 27

Reduction

Answer 27

Methods that reduce the number of animals used in a an experiment e.g. encouraging researchers to share data

Question 28

Refinement

Answer 28

Refinement
Methods that minimise any pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm that may be experienced by the animals e.g. husbandry important here