Animal Reproductive Physiology Flashcards
the degree of reproduction usually for polytocous species (i.e. sow, bitch, queen, etc. giving birth to a litter) indicating relative litter size
Prolificacy (Fecundity)
fertilization of the ovum (egg); union and sperm; formation of the zygote
Conception
a mixture of sperm (from testicles) and accessory gland fluids
Semen
the process or act of giving birth to young
Parturition
to cease/stop milking; to physically separate young from the nursing dam
Wean
period of milk secretion, begins at parturition and ends when
offspring are weaned or when milking is stopped
Lactation
layman’s term for expelled uterine membranes or placenta after giving birth
afterbirth
rhythmic sexual behaviour patterns develop in female animals during puberty
Estrous Cycle
refers to animals which have several estrous cycle per year or breeding season
Polyestrous
known as the “heat cycle”, or the time from one heat to the next
Estrous Cycle
period of sexual receptivity which allows the female to be mated
Estrus
Greek word of “mad desire”
Oistros
Greek word of “mad desire”
Oistros
the production and release or more ova (multiple ovulation) at a single
estrus, as performed in embryo transfer
Superovulation
animals born to a parent; descendants, either the first or a later generation
Offspring or Progeny
animals born to a parent; descendants, either the first or a later
generation
Offspring or Progeny
refers to newborn animal or a young
Neonate
refers to prenatal stage after fetal membranes (placenta) become functional or beyond the embryo stage
Fetus
the capacity to reproduce successfully (both male and female)
fertility
refers to temporary loss of fertility
Infertility
permanent loss of fertility
Sterility
yellowish body in the mammalian ovary developed from follicular cells, which secretes progesterones
Corpus Luteum
hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that acts on the AP to release gonadotrophins
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
male sex hormone that stimulates the accessory sex glands, male sex drive and development of male secondary sex (masculine) characteristics.
Testosterone
hormone produced by the CL and also at the placenta mainly responsible for progestational proliferation in the uterus for implantation and pregnancy maintenance; mammary and uterine gland development
Progesterone
the time of adolescence when the male or female gonads become capable of releasing gametes
Puberty
The onset of reproductive capacity.
Puberty
chickens lay eggs on successive days
Clutch
the time/interval that elapses from puberty to sexual maturity
Adoloscence
first milk secreted postpartum containing high nutrients and antibodies for passive immunity of newborn
Colostrums
portion of the brain that regulates reproduction, hunger, body temperature and other functions
Hypothalamus
Where can we find the hypothalamus?
in the floor of the 3rd ventricle
produced mainly in the ovary and placenta responsible for female to come physiologically into heat and be receptive to the male; cyclic change of female tubular genital tract; secondary female sex
characteristics.
Estrogen
Name three hormone (Estrogen)
estradiol, estriol, and estrone
time/age reached when the gametes become capable of fertilization; state of full reproductive capacity.
Sexual Maturity
time or period after birth
Postpartum
one-third of the length of gestation period
trimester
behaviour of male animals associated with courtship and sexual activity
Flehmen
male sex drive
Libido
part of the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain that produces several hormones
Anterior pituitary (AP) or adenohypophysis
the degeneration or destruction of an ovarian CL
Luteolysis
Give one reason of degeneration or destruction of an ovarian CL
Prostaglandin
one of the two testes of a male or ovaries of a female; organ which produces sex cells
Gonad
gonadotrophic hormone produced and released by the AP that stimulates the production of estrogens, development of ovarian follicles (together with LH) in female, and spermatogenesis in male
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
the time from breeding or conception of a female until she gives birth to her young (pregnancy/gravid)
Gestation
the deposition of semen in the female reproductive tract
Insemination
the act of sexual intercourse, where semen of the male is deposited in the reproductive tract of female during mating or breeding or service
Copulation
the rupture of a ripe/matured follicles as a response to LH surge, shedding or releasing the ovum
Ovulation
gonadotrophic hormone produced and released by the AP which in female, synergistically with FSH, stimulates estrogen secretion, follicle maturation, initiates ovulation, and formation and rentention of CL; in male, stimulation of interstitial cells to produce testosterone
Leutinizing hormone (LH) or instertitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
cells between the semiferous tubules of the testicle that produce testosterone
Interstitial cells or Leydig cells
