Animal Reproduction

Question 1

How do animals reproduce?

Answer 1

Both sexually (meiosis) and asexually (mitosis)

Question 2

Can animal species switch between both asexual and sexual reproduction or are they stuck in one form? if so what are three influencing factors?

Answer 2

yes they can.

• environmental cues
• changes in population density
• seasonal

Question 3

what are the three main mechanisms of asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

• budding
• fission
• pathenogenesis

Question 4

What is gametogenesis

Answer 4

gametogenesis is the mechanism of sexual reproduction

Question 5

what is spermatogenesis

Answer 5

spermogenesis is the formation of sperm

Question 6

what is oogenesis

Answer 6

oogenesis is the formation of eggs

Question 7

what are the steps from a primoridial germ cell during their development to a mature sperm/egg

Answer 7

primordial germ cell > gonia > cyte > tid > mature gametes

lecture 7 page 2 slide 5 (NEED TO KNOW)

Question 8

what are sertoli cells

Answer 8

sertoli cells are large cells in seminiferous tubular walls

Question 9

what are leydig cells

Answer 9

leydig cells are located in the testis among seminiferous tubules

Question 10

what are the two cells that contribute to gametogenesis in males

Answer 10

sertoli cells and leydig cells

Question 11

What are the important characteristics of living organisms

Answer 11

the important characteristics of living organisms is the ability to produce others of their own kind

Question 12

what is asexual reproduction

Answer 12

Asexual reproduction is based on mitosis and results
in offspring that are genetically identical to one
another and to their parent

Question 13

what is sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Sexual reproduction is based on meiosis and fusion
of haploid (1n) gametes to form a diploid (2n) zygote

Question 14

what is budding

Answer 14

an
offspring begins to
form within or on a
parent; the process is
completed when the
offspring breaks free
and begins to grow on
its own. The offspring
is a miniature version
of the parent.

Question 15

does budding occur in vertebrates and/or invertebrates

Answer 15

it only occurs in invertebrates

Question 16

what is fission

Answer 16

an individual simply splits into two or more

descendants.

Question 17

does fission occur in vertebrates and/or invertebrates

Answer 17

it only occurs in invertebrates

Question 18

what is parthenogenesis

Answer 18

female offspring develop from
unfertilised eggs. These offspring are genetically
identical to the mother.

Question 19

does sexual reproduction produce genetically variable offspring

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what are three special characteristics of sperm cells

Answer 20

• nucleus
• chromosomes
• acrosome

Question 21

what is capacitation

Answer 21

.
sperm must stay in the female tract
for a period of time before fertilisation of the egg
can take place

Question 22

what reproductive hormones to follicle cells produce

Answer 22

• steroid
• estrogen
• preovulatory hormone

Question 23

what is fertilisation

Answer 23

fertilisation is the joining of a sperm and an egg to form a

diploid zygote.

Question 24

what is external fertilisation

Answer 24

external fertilisation occurs in many species when individuals release their gametes into their environment

Question 25

what is internal fertilisation

Answer 25

internal fertilisation occurs in the vast majority of terrestrial animals and a significant number of aquatic animals where males deposit sperm into the reproductive tracts of females and fertilisation occurs.

Question 26

what are the two ways in which fertilisation occurs

Answer 26

coppulation and spermatophore

Question 27

what is oviparous? give an example of it.

Answer 27

Oviparous animals, the egg is laid outside the
mother’s body and the embryo develops in the
external environment.

turtles

Question 28

what is viviparous? give an example of it.

Answer 28

Viviparous species, the egg remains within the
mother’s body. There the embryo develops and
receives nutrition directly from the mother.

humans

Question 29

what is ovoviviparity? give an example of it.

Answer 29

Ovoviviparity, offspring develop inside the
mother’s body but are nourished by nutrient-rich
yolk stored in the egg.

sharks

Question 30

what is the structure of a mature egg from outside to in?

Answer 30

jelly coat > vitelline membrane > plasma membrane > cortical granule > egg cytoplasm

lecture 7 page 8 slide 2