Animal, Plant and Bacterial cells

Question 1

How wide is an animal or plant cell usually?

Answer 1

10-100 micrometres (µm) across

Question 2

What sub cellular structures do animal cells usually have?

Answer 2

.a nucleus
.cytoplasm
.a cell membrane
.mitochondria
.ribosomes
. can also have temporary vacuoles

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities and codes for a particular protein needed to build new cells. It’s enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Organelles that contain the enzymes for aerobic respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration which cells need to use. mitochondria are visible with a light microscope but can’t be seen in detail

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts, enzymes which speed up the rate of reaction and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

It’s semi permeable meaning its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs. They’re found on a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes can only be seen with an electron microscope.

Question 8

What are vacuoles in animal cells like?

Answer 8

. Animal cells may also have vacuoles, but these are small and temporary. In animals, they are commonly used to store or transport substances

Question 9

What sub cellular structures to plant cells have?

Answer 9

.a nucleus
.cytoplasm
.a cell membrane
.mitochondria
.ribosomes
.cell wall
.chloroplasts
.a permanent vacuole

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

Organelles that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs/harvests light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis. Site of photosynthesis. Also have specific enzymes required for photosynthesis to occur providing the plant with food.

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant. Algal cells also have this feature.

Question 12

Permanent vacuole

Answer 12

Filled with cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts) to help keep the cell turgid meaning it keeps the cell swollen. It’s found within the cytoplasm.

Question 13

What sub cellular structures do bacterial cells have?

Answer 13

.single circular DNA strand
.cell wall
.cell membrane
.cytoplasm
.plasmid
.flagella

Question 14

Plasmids

Answer 14

They can replicate independently and contain genes that can be transferred between bacteria, contributing to genetic variation and potentially aiding survival, such as antibiotic resistance. Located in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

What is the relative size (width) of a bacterial cell?

Answer 15

0.5 - 5 µm across