Animal Nutrition

Question 1

What are the 6 key nutrients?

Answer 1

-water
-carbohydrates
-protein
-lipids
-vitamins
-minerals

Question 2

Water

Answer 2

-the cheapest, most abundant, and most essential nutrient
-needed in the largest quantity
-animals consume free water

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

-besides water, required in the largest quantity in the diet
-comprised of 60-80% of dry matter consumed by animals
-monosaccharides=easy to digest
-disaccharides=little easy to digest
-polysaccharides=hardest to digest

Question 4

Lipids

Answer 4

-aka fats
-characterized by their high energy value
-insoluble in water
-require little oxygen for tissue maintenance

Question 5

Protein

Answer 5

-molecules made up of nitrogen
-found in both meat and plant products
-have a nitrogen concentration of 16%

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

-organic compounds that do not provide energy to the body
-must be provided through the animal’s diet (except for ruminant animals)
-fat and water soluble vitamins

Question 7

Minerals

Answer 7

-aka ash
-inorganic elements that are essential for physiological functions in the body
-needed in small quantities
-mineral matter constitutes about 4% of an animal’s body weight
-there are 21 essential minerals

Question 8

Macro minerals

Answer 8

-include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, potassium, and chloride
-needed in large quantities; greater than 0.01% of diet
-can not be added to the diet in elemental form

Question 9

Micro minerals

Answer 9

-aka trace minerals
-include manganese, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, iodine, cobalt, molybdenum, and chromium
-needed in small quantities; less than 0.01% of diet
-can not be added to the diet in elemental form

Question 10

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 10

-associated with fat during digestion and absorption
-stored in the liver and adipose tissue
-excess storage leads to toxicity
-not required to consume daily
-vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 11

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 11

-soluble in water and excess is excreted through urine
-body doesn’t store vitamins so toxicity is less likely
-required to consume daily
-deficiency is rapid
-8 B vitamins and vitamin C

Question 12

Prehension

Answer 12

Taking in feed or water

Question 13

Mastication

Answer 13

Reduction of feed particle size (chewing)

Question 14

Absorption

Answer 14

Transfer of substances from the GI tract to the circulating blood or lymph system

Question 15

Excretion

Answer 15

Removal of wastes from the body

Question 16

Nutrient

Answer 16

Any feed constituent that aids in the support of life

Question 17

Malnutrition

Answer 17

Lack of proper nutrition

Question 18

Bioavailability

Answer 18

The proportion of a substance that is able to be absorbed into general circulation

Question 19

10 dietary essential amino acids

Answer 19

-phenylalanine
-valine
-tryptophan
-threonine
-isoleucine
-methionine
-histidine
-arginine
-leucine
-lysine