animal kingdom

Question 1

Vertebrates

Answer 1

Vertebrates /ˈvɜːrtᵻbrᵻts/ comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata /-ɑː/. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described.

Question 2

Invertebrates

Answer 2

Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column, derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata.

Question 3

Consumer

Answer 3

a person or thing that eats or uses something.

Question 4

Ganglion

Answer 4

a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.

Question 5

Gut

Answer 5

The gastrointestinal tract, also known as the gut or alimentary canal, is a tube by which bilaterian animals (including humans) transfer food to the digestion organs. In large bilaterians, the gastrointestinal tract generally also has an exit, the anus, by which the animal disposes of solid wastes.

Question 6

Coelom

Answer 6

The coelom (/ˈsiːləm/ SEE-ləm, plural coeloms or coelomata /siːˈloʊmətə/ see-LOH-mə-tə) (Greek koilōma, hollow, cavity) refers to the main body cavity in most multicellular animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.

Question 7

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 7

Symmetrical arrangement of an organism or part of an organism along a central axis, so that the organism or part can be divided into two equal halves. Bilateral symmetry is a characteristic of animals that are capable of moving freely through their environments. Compare radial symmetry.

Question 8

Radial Symmetry

Answer 8

Symmetrical arrangement of parts of an organism around a single main axis, so that the organism can be divided into similar halves by any plane that contains the main axis. The body plans of echinoderms, ctenophores, cnidarians, and many sponges and sea anemones show radial symmetry. Compare bilateral symmetry.

Question 9

Asymmetry

Answer 9

lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

Question 10

Sponges

Answer 10

Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells.

Question 11

Cnidarians

Answer 11

Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic environments: they are predominantly marine species. Their distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey.

Question 12

Flatworms

Answer 12

The flatworms, or Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.

Question 13

Roundworms

Answer 13

The nematodes /ˈnɛmətoʊdz/ or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a very broad range of environments.

Question 14

Mollusks

Answer 14

The molluscs or mollusks /ˈmɒləsks/ compose the large phylum of invertebrate animals known as the Mollusca. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized.

Question 15

Open circulatory system

Answer 15

Open circulatory systems (evolved in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other invertebrates) pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.

Question 16

Closed circulatory system

Answer 16

Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates, have a closed circulatory system. Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities.

Question 17

Annelid worms

Answer 17

The annelids, also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 17,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches.

Question 18

Segment

Answer 18

divide (something) into separate parts or sections.

Question 19

Exoskeleton

Answer 19

a rigid external covering for the body in some invertebrate animals, especially arthropods, providing both support and protection.

Question 20

Compound eye

Answer 20

an eye consisting of an array of numerous small visual units, as found in insects and crustaceans.

Question 21

Antenna

Answer 21

either of a pair of long, thin sensory appendages on the heads of insects, crustaceans, and some other arthropods.

Question 22

Metamorphosis

Answer 22

Metamorphosis includes, in insects, the transformation of a maggot into an adult fly and a caterpillar into a butterfly and, in amphibians, the changing of a tadpole into a frog. A usually degenerative pathological change in the structure of a particular body tissue.

Question 23

Endoskeleton

Answer 23

an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.

Question 24

Water vascular system

Answer 24

The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration. The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet.