Animal health care

Question 1

are always present in a community to one degree or another. Incidence levels may fluctuate, but the disease always remains a continual concern.

Answer 1

Endemic diseases

Question 2

is a widespread occurrence of disease in a community at a particular time.

Answer 2

epidemic

Question 3

are those which can be passed between animals and humans.

Answer 3

Zoonotic diseases

Question 4

are transmitted by the bite of an infected species, such as mosquitoes or ticks.

Answer 4

Vector-borne diseases

Question 5

is a bacterium, virus or microorganism that can cause disease.

Answer 5

pathogen

Question 6

are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted when food is contaminated, such as through poor storage, in the supply chain.

Answer 6

Foodborne diseases

Question 7

is characterized by firm, nodular swellings of the tongue, head and other tissues.

Answer 7

Actinobacillosis (Wooden Tongue; Actinobacillus spp.)

Question 8

most often causes a slow-growing swelling on the jaw. Incapacitation of the affected animal and condemnation of affected tissue result.

Answer 8

Actinomycosis (Lumpy Jaw; Actinomyces spp.)

Question 9

The course of illness can range from chronic to peracute, with animals exhibiting clinical signs related to anaemia (icterus, depression, inappetence, fever, weight loss, decreased milk production, death).

Answer 9

Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma spp.)

Question 10

affects an extremely wide range of mammals, including humans. The clinical course ranges from chronic to peracute (death with few if any clinical signs).

Answer 10

Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)

Question 11

This disease is characterized by atrophy of the nasal turbinates of swine, which in moderate to severe cases causes distortion of the snout.

Answer 11

Atrophic Rhinitis

Question 12

affects a wide range of animals with the infection resulting in death in all species but swine.

Answer 12

Aujeszky’s Disease (Pseudorabies; Herpesvirus spp.)

Question 13

is a systemic and occasionally fatal disease of most birds caused by several different strains of Chlamydia psittici. The lungs of affected birds are diffusely congested.

Answer 13

Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Ornithosis, Chlamydia psittaci)

Question 14

is an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease associated with coughing, sneezing and tracheal rales.

Answer 14

Avian Infectious Bronchitis (Coronavirus spp.)

Question 15

There are a number of distinct avian pox viruses, which vary in their species specificity and pathogenicity.

Answer 15

Avian Pox (Avipoxvirus spp.)

Question 16

This disease is named for the emphysematous swelling most often seen in the large muscles of cattle and sheep.

Answer 16

Blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei)

Question 17

This viral disease of ruminants, especially sheep, is spread by biting insects (Culicoides spp.).

Answer 17

Bluetongue (BT virus)

Question 18

is caused by a toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. A wide variety of species are affected including livestock, poultry and humans.

Answer 18

Botulism

Question 19

Clinical signs are variable and include fever, inappetence, lethargy, diarrhoea, dehydration, purulent nasal discharge, oral erosions, respiratory signs and corneal opacity.

Answer 19

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (Pestivirus spp.)

Question 20

Several species of Brucella cause illness in ruminants, swine, and humans.

Answer 20

Brucellosis (Brucella spp.)

Question 21

cause diarrhoea in a variety of animals, with younger animals most severely affected. The prevalence of this disease has been increasing in both animals and humans in recent years.

Answer 21

Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter spp.)

Question 22

This chronic disease primarily affecting sheep and goats is characterized by caseous abscesses of the lymph nodes, lungs and other organs.

Answer 22

Caseous Lymphadenitis (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

Question 23

causes enteritis, dysentery, toxaemia and death in cattle, sheep, swine, goats and deer

Answer 23

Clostridium perfringens

Question 23

causes enteritis, dysentery, toxaemia and death in cattle, sheep, swine, goats and deer

Answer 23

Clostridium perfringens

Question 24

Various genera of coccidia affect a wide variety of animals. Clinical signs range from inapparent infection to depression, weight loss, haemorrhagic diarrhoea and death.

Answer 24

Coccidiosis

Question 25

Clinical signs of this disease vary with the age and species of waterfowl infected and vary from listlessness, inappetence, nasal discharge, ataxia, decreased production and diarrhoea to acute death.

Answer 25

Duck Viral Enteritis (Duck Plague; Herpesvirus spp.)

Question 26

Internal parasites:

Answer 26

• coccidiosis
• gastrointestinal worms
• liver fluke
• theileriosis
• trichomoniasis

Question 27

External parasites:

Answer 27

• flies
• cattle tick fever
• lice
• ticks

Question 28

is a zinc-responsive dermatosis usually observed in 2- to 4-month-old swine.

Answer 28

Parakeratosis

Question 29

is a disease of growing bones.

Answer 29

Rickets

Question 30

is a lesion of mature bones

Answer 30

Osteoporosis

Question 31

is a much more rarely encountered presentation of vitamin E and/or selenium deficiency since legal levels of selenium supplementation in livestock feed were raised to 0.3 ppm.

Answer 31

Hepatosis dietetica

Question 32

is the practice of preventing or greatly reducing the introduction of diseases and pests, and is a whole farm approach for assessing, prioritizing and addressing the risks to herd/flock health.

Answer 32

Farm biosecurity

Question 33

The single biggest biosecurity risk is posed by the addition of animals to a herd or flock. The prevalence of specific infectious agents of concern should be determined for the farm

Answer 33

isolation

Question 34

The second important aspect of a biosecurity program

Answer 34

resistance

Question 35

The final piece to the IRS acronym

Answer 35

sanitation