Animal Form & Function Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A group of cells specialized for a common function, which may include extracellular material or noncellular fluids.
What is epithelium?
A layer of modified epithelial tissue that forms glands and surfaces.
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
It may function to be absorptive (intestinal lining), secretory (salivary glands), or as a barrier (skin).
What are the main components of connective tissue?
Fibers (collagen and others), ground substance (fluid, gel, or rigid), and cells.
What is areolar tissue?
A very common connective tissue that holds skin and other organs in place.
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Stores energy, provides protection, and offers insulation.
What do tendons and ligaments do?
Tendons attach muscle to bone, and ligaments attach bone to bone.
What is the function of blood in connective tissue?
Transports gases and nutrients.
What are the types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle (voluntary), smooth muscle (involuntary), and cardiac muscle (involuntary, found only in vertebrate hearts).
What is nervous tissue?
Tissue that makes up the nervous system, involved in communication and control.
What are the 11 common organ systems found in animals?
Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Immune, Reproductive, Respiratory, Excretory, and Digestive systems.
What does the integumentary system do?
Protects against injury, infection, and fluid loss; helps regulate body temperature.
What is the skeletal system’s function?
Protects and supports the body and organs.
What does the muscular system do?
Moves limbs and trunk, moves substances through the body, and provides structure and support.
What is the role of the nervous system?
Regulates behavior, other organ systems, and controls sensory and motor functions.
What does the endocrine system regulate?
Body temperature, metabolism, development, reproduction, and other organ systems.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases.
What does the immune system do?
Defends against pathogens and disease.
What is the reproductive system responsible for?
Produces gametes and offspring.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Movement of air and gas exchange.
What does the excretory (urinary) system do?
Removes waste from blood and regulates body fluids.
What is the digestive system’s role?
Extracts and absorbs nutrients from food, removes wastes, and maintains water and chemical balance.
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of an animal’s internal balance, such as body temperature, blood sugar, fluid pH, ion concentrations, water balance, and hormone levels.
What are regulators in terms of homeostasis?
Animals that exhibit homeostasis for an attribute.
