Animal Diversity: II Flashcards
What is Phylum Annelida commonly known as?
Segmented worms
What are the main characteristics of annelids?
Most annelids are bristle worms (polychaetes) and are all aquatic, mostly marine.
What ancestral characteristics do annelids maintain?
Distinct head and parapodia.
What is Clade Ecdysozoa?
A clade containing 8 total phyla where animals must molt their cuticle during growth.
What is Phylum Nematoda commonly known as?
Roundworms
What are the characteristics of nematodes?
Unsegmented, live everywhere, free-living, and can be parasites of animals and plants.
What is Phylum Arthropoda known for?
It is the largest animal phylum with over 1 million described species.
What are the main features of arthropods?
Many jointed appendages, body segments grouped into distinct parts (tagmata), and a chitinous exoskeleton.
What are the four living subphyla of Arthropoda?
Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Hexapoda, and Crustacea.
What is a major extinct subphylum of Arthropoda?
Chelicerata
What are the characteristics of Chelicerata?
Includes horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, and arachnids with chelicera, pedipalps, and walking legs.
What are the three remaining arthropod groups known for?
They have multiple head appendages modified into mouthparts and antennae.
What is unique about Myriapoda?
They are characterized by having many body segments.
What is unique about Hexapoda?
Includes insects and a few others with 3 tagmata: head, thorax, and abdomen.
What is the largest insect group?
Insects, with 900,000 to 1 million described species divided among 25 orders.
What are the feeding habits of insects?
Mostly herbivorous, but also predaceous, saprophagous, parasitic, and parasitoid.
What is metamorphosis in insects?
A series of molts during growth and development with distinct life stages.
What are the two types of metamorphosis in insects?
Complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa, adult) and incomplete metamorphosis (egg, juveniles, adult).
What are the largest insect groups?
Coleoptera (beetles), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Diptera (true flies and mosquitoes), Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps), and Hemiptera (true bugs).
What are the characteristics of Crustacea?
Primarily aquatic, mostly marine, with various numbers and types of appendages and 2 pairs of antennae.
What is Decapoda in Crustacea?
A major group that includes true shrimp, crabs, lobsters, and crayfish, meaning ‘10 feet’.
What is unique about Crustacea compared to other Arthropoda subphyla?
Crustacea is paraphyletic.
What is Phylum Echinodermata known for?
100% marine, unique water-vascular system, pentaradial symmetry, endoskeleton, and no brain.
What are examples of organisms in Phylum Echinodermata?
Sea stars (starfish), sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.
