Animal Diversity Flashcards
1
Q
Types of symmetry
A
- Asymmetry (none)
- Radial (can be cut in more than one plane)
- Bilateral (can be cut in only one, vertical plane)
2
Q
Embryonic tissue layers
A
- Diploblastic (two layers)
- Triploblastic (three layers)
3
Q
Organisms without a coelom
A
acoelomate
4
Q
Organisms in which the coelom develops in the middle of the mesoderm
A
coelomate
5
Q
Organisms in which the coelom develops between the mesoderm and endoderm
A
pseudocoelomate
6
Q
internal fluid-filled cavity
A
coelom
7
Q
outer layer of embryonic tissue
A
ectoderm
8
Q
innermost layer of embryonic tissue
A
endoderm
9
Q
middle layer of embryonic tissue
A
mesoderm
10
Q
Organs/ tissues that develop from the endoderm
A
epithelial layer of the digestive tract
11
Q
Organs/ tissues that develop from the mesoderm
A
- internal organs of the blood system
- muscular system
- reproductive system
- skeleton
- connective tissue
12
Q
Organs/ tissues that develop from the ectoderm
A
- outer protective layer
- nervous system
- sense organs
13
Q
the development at the anterior end of a concentration of nerve cells
A
cephalisation
14
Q
advantage of being bilaterally symmetrical
A
- cephalisation
- central nervous system for locomotion
- locomotion in one direction
15
Q
disadvantage of being radially symmetrical
A
locomotion is slow and inefficient
16
Q
advantages of a coelom
A
- separates digestive tract from body wall (each functions independently of the other)
- can act as a hydrostatic skeleton
- allows space for specialised organs to develop (so organisms are more complex)
- coelomic fluid is a transport medium (gases, nutrients, wastes)
17
Q
disadvantage of a coelom/ being triploblastic
A
- need for transport system to develop
- to ensure all cells receive the nutrients water they need
- that wastes are removed
18
Q
process of moving food through the digestive tract
A
peristalsis
19
Q
simplest animal phylum
A
Porifera
20
Q
Number of tissue layers in Porifera
A
None - cellular level of organisation (colonies of independent cells arranged in layers but not attached to each other)
made from:
- collar cells
- amoeboid cells
- spicules
- jelly-like layer.
21
Q
osculum
A
large opening in a sponge through which water leaves the sponge
22
Q
spongocoel
A
large cavity inside a sponge through which water is circulated
23
Q
Animalia group without a vertebral column
A
invertebrates
24
Q
A schematic representation used to indicate the evolutionary relationships between different taxa
A
A phylogeny or a phylogenetic tree
25
The process through which dead plant and animal material are broken down to simple nutrients
Decomposition
26
Role of invertebrates in agriculture and ecosystems
* Pollinators
* decomposers
* soil aeration
27
Invertebrate role as pollinators
* Many pollinators are insects
* Able to fly distances transporting pollen
* Essential for fertilisation of plants
* Ensures seeds and fruit form
28
Invertebrate role in decomposition
* e.g. beetles, flies, insect larvae and worms
* rotting food digested together with soil
* Faeces rich in nutrients and microbes
* Makes soil more fertile
* Invertebrates draw dead organic material underground, improving soil fertility
29
Invertebrate role in soil aeration
* E.g. earthworms, ants and termites
* Dig underground tunnels
* Loosen soil and trap air between particles
* Improves water infiltration
* Easier for plant roots to penetrate the soil
30
Cambrian explosion
* many animal phyla appeared 545mya
* This radiation of taxa occured in a short space of time (5-10 million years)
* complex, multicellular organisms evolved
31
What ancestor did the modern animal phyla evolve from?
An aquatic unicelular (possibly collonial) protist
32
Chordate way of life
* Found everywhere
* terrestrial and aquatic
* free living
33
Chordate symmetry and cephalisation
* bilateral symmetry
* cephalisation present
34
Chordata tissue layers
* Triploblastic
* Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
* Coelomate
35
Chordata blood system
Closed blood system
36
Chordata gut
Through gut present
37
Arthropoda way of life
* Occur everywhere
* Aquatic, terrestrial and underground
* free living
38
Arthropoda symmetry and cephalisation
* Bilaterally symmetrical
* Cephalization present
39
Arthropoda tissue layers
* Triploblastic
* coelomate
40
Arthropoda blood system
Open blood system
41
Arthropoda gut
* Through gut present
42
Annelida way of life
* Aquatic
* terrestrial (moist environments)
* free living
43
Annelida tissue layers
* Triploblastic
* Pseudocoelomate
44
Annelida blood system
* Closed blood system
45
Annelida symmetry and cephalisation
* Bilaterally symmetrical
* cephalisation present
46
Annelida gut
* Through gut present
47
Platyhelminthes way of life
* Aquatic
* Free living or parasitic
48
Platyhelminthes symmetry and cephalisation
* Bilateral symmetry
* cephalisation
49
Platyhelminthes tissue layers
* Triploblastic
* **A**coelomate (no coelom)
50
Platyhelminthes blood system
No blood system
51
Platyhelminthes gut
* No through gut
* Only one opening
52
Cnidaria way of life
* Aquatic
* Sessile (polyp)
* Free-living (medusa)
53
Cnidaria symmetry and cephalisation
* Radially symmetrical
* No cephalisation
54
Cnidaria tissue layers
* Diploblastic
* **A**coelomate (no coelom)
55
Cnidaria blood system
No blood system
56
Cnidaria gut
* No through gut
* Only one opening
57
Porifera way of life
* Aquatic
* Sessile
* Filter feeders
58
Porifera symmetry and cephalisation
* Asymmetrical
* No cephalisation
59
Porifera tissue layers
* No true tissues
* Cellular level of organisation
60
Porifera blood system
* No blood system
61
Porifera gut
* No gut
* Spongocoel cavity
62
Collar cell in porifera
* Specialised cell in sponges
* structured for filter feeding
* Flagellum causes water current to trap food in a net like collar
63
Cnidaria nematoblasts
* Stinging cells
* Found on tentacles
* Cells attach, paralyse and hold onto prey
64
Two body formss of Cnidaria
* Polyp
* Medusa
65
Common name for Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
66
Example Annelida
* Earthworm
* Leech
* Sea worm
67
Type of skeletons found in Animalia
Hydrostatic skeleton: Annelida
Excoskeleton: Arthropoda
Endoskeleton: Chordata
68
Classes of Arthropoda
* Spiders
* Millipede
* Centipede
* Crustaceans
* Insects
69
Classes of vertebrata
* Mammals
* Fish
* Birds
* Reptiles
* Amphibians
70
Specialised organs for gas exchange in insects vs fish vs birds birds
tracheae - insects
gills - fish
lungs - birds
71
/the polysaccharide found in Arthropoda exoskeletons
Chitin
72
Nematoda
* Roundworms
* Eg. parasitic roundworms in an infected persons intestines
73
Mollusca
* Snails
* Oysters
* mussels
* Octopi
74
Echinodermata
* Starfish
* Sea urchins
75
Biological terms for topside, underside, front and back of bilaterally symmetrical animals
Dorsal (top)
Ventral (under)
Anterior (front)
posterior (back)
76
Sessile
Attached to a substrate and sedentary
77
Tissue layers in this embryo?
* Diploblastic
* Ectoderm (outer layer)
* Endoderm (inner layer)
78
Tissue layers represented in this diagram?
Triploblastic
Ectoderm (outer layer)
Mesoderm (middle layer)
Endoderm (inner layer)
79
Type of cavity represented in this diagram and why?
* Pseudocoloem
* Cavity between mesoderm and endoderm and not within the mesoderm
80
Specialised feeding cell called? In what phylum?
* Nematocysts
* Cnidaria
81
Common name and phylum?
* Earthworm
* Annelida
82
Common name and phylum?
* Leech
* Annelida
83
Common name, class and phyllum?
Elephant
Mammal
Chordata
84
Common name, class and phyllum?
Frog
Amphibian
Chordata
85
Class and phylum?
Millipede
Arthropoda
