Animal Diseases

Question 1

Pathogenic

Answer 1

Disease causing organism

Question 2

Notifiable Disease

Answer 2

A disease that must be immediately reported to the DAFM due to their highly contagious nature. EG: Avian Flu

Question 3

Zoonotic Disease

Answer 3

A disease that can spread from animals to humans
EG: Lyme disease

Question 4

Eradication Programme

Answer 4

A programme introduced to reduce an infectious disease in the host population to zero

Question 5

PI Calf

Answer 5

A persistently infected calf that is born infected with BVD virus and is a lifelong carrier of the virus.

Question 6

Endoparasite

Answer 6

A parasite that lives inside the animals body

Question 7

Hermaphrodite

Answer 7

organisms that have both the male and female reproductive systems.

Question 8

Grass Tetany

Answer 8

-Sheep (cattle also)
- Deficiency Disease

CAUSE: Magnesium deficiency, (Hypomagnesia)
lactating females at risk when grazing on early spring grass (low in mg).

SYMPTOMS: Nervousness, muscle tremors, spasms in muscles and coma/death.

TREATMENT: Magnesium supplement in water, feed rations, mineral licks, injection of soluble magnesium.

Question 9

Swayback

Answer 9

SHEEP
-Deficiency disease

CAUSE: Copper deficiency

SYMPTOMS: Disorder of the nervous system , poor fleeces

Question 10

Disease

Answer 10

Negative change from the normal functional state of an organism

Question 11

Infectious Diseases

Answer 11

Diseases caused by micro-organisms or other agents that enter the body of an organism.

Question 12

Non-infectious diseases

Answer 12

Diseases that are not caused by an organism.
EG: grass tetany/milk fever

Question 13

The Five Freedoms

Answer 13

1. Freedom from hunger, thirst & malnutrition
   ( Providing adequate space at feeders to avoid bullying and competition,
   Ensuring drinking sources are clean and safe, and making sure that there is enough access for
   the stocking rate)
2. Freedom from discomfort
   (Maintaining appropriate standards within permanent indoor housing
   Ensuring that over-crowding is not a problem)
3. Freedom from pain, injury and disease
   (Monitoring daily to keep an eye out for injuries or ill health.
   Employing a careful and thorough vaccination programme.
   Employing a routine worming and parasite treatment)
4. Freedom to express normal patterns of behaviour
   (-Keeping animals together in similar age-groups
   -Providing environmental enrichment, both indoors and outdoors
   -Understanding the nature of the animals, so that their natural behaviours can be allowed)
5. Freedom from fear and distress
   (Having carefully planned and robustly constructed handling facilities.
   Ensuring that crushes, chutes, and pens are safe and functional
   Training the persons to ensure the best handling of the animal
   Keeping loud noises to a minimum)

Question 14

Orf

Answer 14

SHEEP
Zoonose virus, highly contagious
CAUSE: Virus enters the skin through small cuts.

SYMPTOM: Ulcers and scabs around the head, lips, gums and teats. Poor growth lambs,

PREVENTION: no cure, just antibiotics cream, vaccinate when young. Lambs may need to be hand reared, clean buildings thoroughly.

Question 15

Sheep Scab

Answer 15

• NOTABLE DISEASE

CAUSES: Ectoparasite Mange mite , picked up from other sheep directly.
Can be spread by farmers clothing,

SYMPTOMS: Infected sheep rub and itch themselves against fencing,
sheep may bite or nibble at their fleece,
Yellow scabs on skin
loss of wool

Treatment: Notify vet immediately, Prevented by winter dipping of sheep, biosecurity measures crucial.