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ZOOL LEC > ANIMAL CELL & MEMBRANE TRANSPORT > Flashcards

ANIMAL CELL & MEMBRANE TRANSPORT Flashcards

1
Q

contains one or more carbon

A

ORGANIC MOLECULES

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2
Q

do not contain carbon

A

INORGANIC

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3
Q

makes up large portion of living organisms

A

WATER

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4
Q

liberates hydrogen ions (H+)

A

ACID

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5
Q

liberates hydroxyl ions (OH-)

A

BASE

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6
Q

compounds are split into smaller pieces; + water molecule

A

HYDROLYSIS

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7
Q

larger compounds are synthesized from smaller compounds

A

CONDENSATION/SYNTHESIS

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8
Q

the concentration of H+ in solution: scale runs from 0 - 14

A

pH

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9
Q

pH above 7

A

BASIC SOLUTION

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10
Q

pH below 7

A

ACIDIC SOLUTION

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11
Q

pH of 7

A

NEUTRAL SOLUTION

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12
Q

molecules that prevent drastic changes in pH of fluids

A

BUFFER

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13
Q

source of chemical energy

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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14
Q

classes of carbohydrates

A

MONOSACCHARIDES - simple sugar
DISACCHARIDES - double sugar
POLYSACCHARIDES - complex sugar

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15
Q

fatty substances; insoluble in water (nonpolar)

A

LIPIDS

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16
Q

STEROIDS

A

fat - like properties

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17
Q

important components of cell membranes

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

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18
Q

composed of amino acid - linked by peptide bonds

A

PROTEINS

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19
Q

complex molecules with sequence of nitrogenous bases; molecule that can replicate themselves (w/ help of enzymes)

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

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20
Q

consist of ribose sugar; double stranded

A

DNA

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21
Q

deoxyribose sugar; single stranded

A

RNA

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22
Q

true or false:
DNA will undergo TRANSCRIPTION to produce RNA

A

TRUE

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23
Q

mRNA will undergo____ to produce proteins

A

TRANSLATION

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24
Q

sequence of 3 bases- encodes specific amino acid

A

CODON

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25
Q

contains protein enzymes; favored over with RNA only.

A

PROTOCELLS

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26
Q

coined the term “cell”

A

ROBERT HOOKE

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27
Q

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

A

invented compound microscope

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28
Q

ROBERT BROWN

A

described nucleus & cytoplasmic movement

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29
Q

proposed cell theory

A

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDAN & THEODORE SCHWANN

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30
Q

states that all living organism are composed of cells

A

CELL THEORY

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31
Q

what separates internal metabolism from its environment: outer boundary

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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32
Q

largest organelle: control & information center

A

NUCLEUS

33
Q

outside nucleus; semifluid portion of cytosol.

A

CYTOPLASM

34
Q

allows molecules to move between nucleus & cytoplasm

A

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

35
Q

loosely condensed DNA

A

CHROMATIN

36
Q

carry multiple copies of DNA; used to synthesize RNA

A

NUCLEOLI

37
Q

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A

covered with ribosomes

38
Q

not covered with ribosomes

A

SMOOTH ER

39
Q

synthesize proteins that enter ER

A

RIBOSOMES

40
Q

storage of protein products occurs

A

GOLGI COMPLEX

41
Q

VESICLE

A

small membrane-bound sac; contains enzymes/ secretory products

42
Q

LYSOSOMES

A

breakdown foreign material

43
Q

PEROXISOME

A

enzymes w/ hydrogen peroxide

44
Q

large sac serves as storage site of food/other compounds in animal cell

A

VACUOLES

45
Q

powerhouse of cell; ATP is produced here

A

MITOCHONDRIA

46
Q

eukaryotes resulted from symbiotic relationship between 2 or more bacteria

A

ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

47
Q

proteins that maintain cell shape & spatial

A

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

48
Q

made of actin & myosin; ability to contract as seen in muscle cells

A

MICROFILAMENTS

49
Q

larger tubular structures

A

MICROTUBULES

50
Q

found in the centrosome

A

CENTRIOLES

51
Q

source of locomotion in cell

A

CILIA & FLAGELLA

52
Q

MICROVILI

A

small finger-like projections; bundles of actin microfilaments

53
Q

function as seals

A

TIGHT JUNCTION

54
Q

ADHESION JUNCTIONS

A

link across small space & connect to microfilamenta

55
Q

DESMOSOMES

A

increase strength of tissue in animal cell

56
Q

at the base of cells & anchor them to connective tissue

A

HEMIDESMOSOMES

57
Q

GAP JUNCTIONS

A

provide intercellular communication

58
Q

substance may cross the membrane by by:

A
  • DIFFUSION
  • MEDIATED TRANSPORT SYSTEM
  • ENDOCYTOSIS
59
Q

cell membranes are selectively permeable which means___?

A

water can pass through; not most solutes

60
Q

glycocalyx

A

cell coat; acts as molecular fingerprint of diff cell types; necessary in cell recognition

61
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CELL MEMBRANE:

A
  • regulation of mat. entering & out of the cell
  • separation from its outside environment
  • separate organelles within the cells
  • site of receptors for cell identification
62
Q

movement of molecules; from high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

DIFFUSION

63
Q

SOLUTES

A

molecules found in a solution

64
Q

diffusion of water across cell

A

OSMOSIS

65
Q

refers to relative concentration of solutes in the water inside & outside cell.

A

TONICITY

66
Q

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

A

concentration higher outside than inside

67
Q

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

A

concentration is equal inside & outside

68
Q

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

A

concentration lower outside than inside

69
Q

GATED CHANNELS

A

require signal to open & close them

70
Q

open or close when signaling molecule binds to a binding site

A

CHEMICALLY - GATED CHANNELS

71
Q

VOLTAGE - GATED CHANNELS

A

ionic charge across membrane changes

72
Q

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

A

one side of plasma membrane then changes shape to release on the other side

73
Q

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

A

requires ATP to transport molecule into opposite concentration gradient

74
Q

bulk transport that is ingestion of material by cells

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

75
Q

PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

cell eating by single cell organisms

76
Q

PINOCYTOSIS

A

ions or molecules are enclosed in vesicles called CAVEOLAE

77
Q

RECEPTOR - MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS

A

bringing large molecules into a cell with help of protein CLATHRIN

78
Q

can fuse with the plasma membrane to discharge contents of the vesicle outside cell

A

EXOCYTOSIS

79
Q

picked up on one side of the cell; completely across the cell & discharged on the other side

A

TRANSCYTOSIS

ZOOL LEC (4 decks)

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