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ZOOL LEC > ANIMAL CELL & MEMBRANE TRANSPORT > Flashcards

ANIMAL CELL & MEMBRANE TRANSPORT Flashcards

1
Q

contains one or more carbon

A

ORGANIC MOLECULES

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2
Q

do not contain carbon

A

INORGANIC

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3
Q

makes up large portion of living organisms

A

WATER

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4
Q

liberates hydrogen ions (H+)

A

ACID

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5
Q

liberates hydroxyl ions (OH-)

A

BASE

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6
Q

compounds are split into smaller pieces; + water molecule

A

HYDROLYSIS

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7
Q

larger compounds are synthesized from smaller compounds

A

CONDENSATION/SYNTHESIS

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8
Q

the concentration of H+ in solution: scale runs from 0 - 14

A

pH

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9
Q

pH above 7

A

BASIC SOLUTION

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10
Q

pH below 7

A

ACIDIC SOLUTION

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11
Q

pH of 7

A

NEUTRAL SOLUTION

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12
Q

molecules that prevent drastic changes in pH of fluids

A

BUFFER

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13
Q

source of chemical energy

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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14
Q

classes of carbohydrates

A

MONOSACCHARIDES - simple sugar
DISACCHARIDES - double sugar
POLYSACCHARIDES - complex sugar

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15
Q

fatty substances; insoluble in water (nonpolar)

A

LIPIDS

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16
Q

STEROIDS

A

fat - like properties

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17
Q

important components of cell membranes

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

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18
Q

composed of amino acid - linked by peptide bonds

A

PROTEINS

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19
Q

complex molecules with sequence of nitrogenous bases; molecule that can replicate themselves (w/ help of enzymes)

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

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20
Q

consist of ribose sugar; double stranded

A

DNA

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21
Q

deoxyribose sugar; single stranded

A

RNA

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22
Q

true or false:
DNA will undergo TRANSCRIPTION to produce RNA

A

TRUE

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23
Q

mRNA will undergo____ to produce proteins

A

TRANSLATION

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24
Q

sequence of 3 bases- encodes specific amino acid

A

CODON

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25
contains protein enzymes; favored over with RNA only.
PROTOCELLS
26
coined the term "cell"
ROBERT HOOKE
27
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
invented compound microscope
28
ROBERT BROWN
described nucleus & cytoplasmic movement
29
proposed cell theory
MATTHIAS SCHLEIDAN & THEODORE SCHWANN
30
states that all living organism are composed of cells
CELL THEORY
31
what separates internal metabolism from its environment: outer boundary
PLASMA MEMBRANE
32
largest organelle: control & information center
NUCLEUS
33
outside nucleus; semifluid portion of cytosol.
CYTOPLASM
34
allows molecules to move between nucleus & cytoplasm
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
35
loosely condensed DNA
CHROMATIN
36
carry multiple copies of DNA; used to synthesize RNA
NUCLEOLI
37
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
covered with ribosomes
38
not covered with ribosomes
SMOOTH ER
39
synthesize proteins that enter ER
RIBOSOMES
40
storage of protein products occurs
GOLGI COMPLEX
41
VESICLE
small membrane-bound sac; contains enzymes/ secretory products
42
LYSOSOMES
breakdown foreign material
43
PEROXISOME
enzymes w/ hydrogen peroxide
44
large sac serves as storage site of food/other compounds in animal cell
VACUOLES
45
powerhouse of cell; ATP is produced here
MITOCHONDRIA
46
eukaryotes resulted from symbiotic relationship between 2 or more bacteria
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
47
proteins that maintain cell shape & spatial
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
48
made of actin & myosin; ability to contract as seen in muscle cells
MICROFILAMENTS
49
larger tubular structures
MICROTUBULES
50
found in the centrosome
CENTRIOLES
51
source of locomotion in cell
CILIA & FLAGELLA
52
MICROVILI
small finger-like projections; bundles of actin microfilaments
53
function as seals
TIGHT JUNCTION
54
ADHESION JUNCTIONS
link across small space & connect to microfilamenta
55
DESMOSOMES
increase strength of tissue in animal cell
56
at the base of cells & anchor them to connective tissue
HEMIDESMOSOMES
57
GAP JUNCTIONS
provide intercellular communication
58
substance may cross the membrane by by:
- DIFFUSION - MEDIATED TRANSPORT SYSTEM - ENDOCYTOSIS
59
cell membranes are selectively permeable which means___?
water can pass through; not most solutes
60
glycocalyx
cell coat; acts as molecular fingerprint of diff cell types; necessary in cell recognition
61
FUNCTIONS OF CELL MEMBRANE:
- regulation of mat. entering & out of the cell - separation from its outside environment - separate organelles within the cells - site of receptors for cell identification
62
movement of molecules; from high concentration to an area of low concentration
DIFFUSION
63
SOLUTES
molecules found in a solution
64
diffusion of water across cell
OSMOSIS
65
refers to relative concentration of solutes in the water inside & outside cell.
TONICITY
66
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
concentration higher outside than inside
67
ISOTONIC SOLUTION
concentration is equal inside & outside
68
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
concentration lower outside than inside
69
GATED CHANNELS
require signal to open & close them
70
open or close when signaling molecule binds to a binding site
CHEMICALLY - GATED CHANNELS
71
VOLTAGE - GATED CHANNELS
ionic charge across membrane changes
72
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
one side of plasma membrane then changes shape to release on the other side
73
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
requires ATP to transport molecule into opposite concentration gradient
74
bulk transport that is ingestion of material by cells
ENDOCYTOSIS
75
PHAGOCYTOSIS
cell eating by single cell organisms
76
PINOCYTOSIS
ions or molecules are enclosed in vesicles called CAVEOLAE
77
RECEPTOR - MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS
bringing large molecules into a cell with help of protein CLATHRIN
78
can fuse with the plasma membrane to discharge contents of the vesicle outside cell
EXOCYTOSIS
79
picked up on one side of the cell; completely across the cell & discharged on the other side
TRANSCYTOSIS

ZOOL LEC (4 decks)

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