Animal And Plant Diseases

Question 1

What is ring rot

And what pathogen is it caused by

Answer 1

• caused by gram positive bacteria Clavibacter
  Michiganensis
  -affects potatoes, tomatoes aubergines
• damages leaves, tubers and fruit
  -there is no cure, once it infects a field it cannot be used again for at least 2 years

Question 2

What is tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 2

• a virus that affects tobacco plants and 150 other species including tomatoes, pepper, cucumbers
• it damages leaves, flowers and fruit, stunting growth and reducing yields it can lead to an almost total crop loss
• you can get resistant strains

Question 3

What is potato blight and what pathogen is it caused by

Answer 3

• caused by the fungus-like protoctist oomycete
• the hyphae penetrate host cells, destroying leaves, tubers and fruit
• causing millions of pounds worth of crop damage every year
• no cure// however resistant strains
• careful management can reduce infection risk

Question 4

What is Black Sigatoka and what is the pathogen that caused it

Answer 4

• a banana disease caused by the fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis
• it attacks and destroys the leaves, the hyphae penetrate and digest cells turning the leaves black
• caused a 50% reduction in yield
• the spread of the disease can be controlled but it cannot be cured

Question 5

What is tuberculosis TB what pathogen is it caused by

Answer 5

• caused by a bacterial pathogen
• disease of humans, cows, pigs, badgers and see
• TB damages and destroys lung tissue and suppresses the immune system making the body making you less able to fight other disease
• increase in HIV had a big impact on levels of TB because hiv makes you more likely to get TB
• TB is curable by antibiotics and preventable by vaccination

Question 6

Bacterial meningitis

Answer 6

• bacterial infection of the meninges of the brain (protective membrane)
• it can spread to the rest of the body causing blood poisoning
• affects young children
• blotchy red rash
• antibiotics will cure the disease if delivered early enough
• vaccines can protect against some forms of bacterial meningitis

Question 7

HIV/ AIDS

Answer 7

• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by HIV
• targets T helper cells in the immune system of the body
• it gradually destroys the immune system so affected people are open to infection
• retrovirus with RNA as genetic material
• contains reverse transcriptase which transcribes RNA to single strand of DNA
• this DNA interacts with genetic material of host cell
• virus is passed through bodily fluids
• no vaccine, no cure