Anglo-Scottish Wars (1500-1746)

Question 1

Type of war/background

Answer 1

Between countries
- Scotland/France had Auld Alliance
-generally peaceful until conquest of Scotland in 1290
-battles between two near border between James IV and V against Henry VIII

Question 2

Examples of war

Answer 2

-James IV invaded England in 1513 after Henry VIII declared war on France - Battle of Flodden Field
-James V attacked in 1542, but was defeated at Battle of Solway Moss
-Border disputes: bands of raiders for clans on either side; saw themselves as either English or Scottish, but clan more important to them; when needed they would join to fight.

Question 3

Attitudes and responses

Answer 3

-Henry VIII reinforced castles along border/sent army.
-No further fighting, as both sides under Elizabeth I didn’t want to spend money on conflict.
-At least 600 Pele Towers built on English side to defend against raids.
-Land on both sides divided into 3 zones: east, middle, west. - each had wardens who were supposed to keep order/prevent raids from other side; Scottish wardens often joined raids; English wardens weren’t paid well and were easy to bribe

Question 4

Impact on people

Answer 4

-local people scared
-Charles I tried to impose his religious beliefs in Scotland - led to Civil War.
-1543 - over 5 month period: 192 buildings destroyed; over 10,000 cows stolen
-under Henry VIII: 7 monasteries, 16 fortified towers, 5 towns, 243 villages destroyed
-1707 - England/Scotland united in the Act of Union to create nation of Great Britain

Question 5

Impact on government

Answer 5

-James VI became king of England in 1603, but kept two kingdoms separate.
-Scotland defeated by Cromwell/parliament in 1650s