Anglais p.1 Flashcards
A cathartic experience/ Catharsis
In psychoanalytic theory the discharge of previously repressed affects connected to traumatic events that occurs when these events are brought back into consciousness and reexperienced
More generally, catharsis refers to the release of strong, pent-up (repressed) emotions
ADHD
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) can be defined as a condition in which someone, especially a child, is often in a state of activity or excitement and unable to direct their attention towards what they are doing.
Acceptance
Acceptance is part of the different stages people sometimes go through when coping with loss. In the article dealing with resilience, it is described as being the fourth stage.
It means that people finally come to terms with what they are experiencing. To come to terms means to come to accept (a new and painful or difficult event), to reconcile oneself to.
Accurate
Carefully precise.
Achieve
To perform sucessfully, to bring to a successful end
Achievement
Successful accomplishment
Acknowledge
To admit to be real or true, recognize the existance of
Actual
Real, existing
Actually
In fact, in reality
Address
To deal with or discuss
Adversity
Life’s difficulties, challenges, trials
Advocacy/Advocate
Public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy. In French: “plaidoyer”.
The verb to advocate means to promote, to recommend. In French, “préconiser, recommander”.
An advocate is a proponent, supporter or defender. In French: “un défenseur, un militant”.
Aim
To direct toward a particular goal, to intend.
Alienated
To be alienated means feeling that you have no connectin with the people around you ; isolated
Alleviate
To make easier to endure
Altruistic
Unselfishly concerned for or devoted to the welfare of others (opposed to egoistic).
appeal
To exert an attraction
Assess
To evaluate
Assumption
A supposition (to assume means you suppose)
Avoidance
The action of keeping away from or not doing something; trying to avoid thinking/ talking about the traumatic event and avoiding activities, places which remind you of the trauma.
Avoidance coping/ escape coping: coping mechanism characterized by the effort to avoid dealing with a stressor.
Aware; awareness
To be aware of something means having knowledge or realization of; to be conscious of. We can launch an awareness campaign when we want to raise awareness about a particular issue.
To raise awareness means to increase public understanding. In French: “sensibiliser”.
Bear
To tolerate or endure something, to stand (In French: “supporter”).
Unbearable means that cannot be endured, suffered through, or tolerated; unendurable; intolerable: unbearable pain.
Belittle
To think of, or cause others to think of (something) as less important than appearances indicate (“rabaisser, dénigrer; minimiser”).
Beyond help
To be at a point where nothing can be done to make things better.
Biased
Partial, prejudiced.
To be biased, to have a biased judgment.
Cognitive bias is a systematic thought process caused by the tendency of the human brain to simplify information processing through a filter of personal experience and preferences.
Binge on
To indulge in an activity, especially eating, drinking, or taking drugs, to excess.
Blame
To hold someone responsible for, to accuse someone of: “Accuser, tenir pour responsable”.
To put the blame on (someone or something) to blame someone or something (for something); to attribute or assign cause (for something) to someone or something.
The expression « I am to blame » means « It is my fault, I am responsible for that ».
Blunted emotions
not to be able to feel emotions, to become numb/ desensitized.
Emotional blunting is a term sometimes used to describe a person’s limited emotional reactivity. They may not even be experiencing any emotions to feel, and people with emotional blunting may report feeling an unpleasant numbness instead of emotions.
Bounce back
To recover quickly, to rebound, to return quickly to a normal condition after a difficult situation or event.
Bullying
Bullying can be defined as the use of force, intimidation to harass/ torment people. It is the repetitive, intentional hurting of one person or group by another person or group. Bullying can involve verbal abuse, physical abuse, threats and can also lead to suicide.
Come to terms ith
To start to accept and deal with a difficult situation.
Compassion fatigue
The physical and mental exhaustion and emotional withdrawal experienced by those who care for sick or traumatized people over an extended period of time (“la fatigue compassionnelle”).
Example: Unlike burnout, which is caused by everyday work stresses (dealing with insurance companies, making treatment choices), compassion fatigue results from taking on the emotional burden of a patient’s agony.
Convenient
Suitable or agreeable to the purpose ; useful ; helpful
Convey
To express, to communicate
Cope with
To deal with, to handle; to face and deal with responsibilities, problems, or difficulties successfully or in a calm or adequate manner.
Coping
To invest one’s own conscious effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, in order to try to master, minimize or tolerate stress and conflict.
Avoidance coping/ escape coping: coping mechanism characterized by the effort to avoid dealing with a stressor / facing a stressor.
COPING MECHANISMS/ COPING SKILLS/ COPING STRATEGIES
Adaptive strategies you develop to make efforts to successfully deal with a difficult situation.
Cornerstone
A basis; the foundation on which something is developed.
Crave (to something)
To strongly desire, to yearn for.
Cripple
To cripple means to injure or harm someone so that they are unable to walk or move in the usual way: “estropier, handicaper, paralyser”.
The noun “cripple” is an extremely offensive word for a person whose legs or arms do not work in the usual way.
We have to use the word “disabled”: The government is working on improving access to public transport for disabled people.
Critical
Crucial, very important.
It is critical to understand…
Cue
Anything that serves as a signal about what to do or say.
Cure
To heal, to relieve or rid of (an illness, problem, etc.).
Currently
At the present time, now.
Cutting-edge
The latest or most advanced state in the development of something.
Daunting
Intimidating, frightening.
Deceive
To fool someone into doing something.
Dedicated to
Wholly committed to something, as to an ideal, political cause, or personal goal.
Defeat
To overcome in a contest, to beat.
Denial
A defense mechanism in which the existence of unpleasant internal or external realities is denied and kept out of conscious awareness. By keeping the stressors out of consciousness, they are prevented from causing anxiety.
Refusal to believe in the existence of something. Example: She is in denial.
Desensitization
In psychology, desensitization is a treatment or process that diminishes emotional responsiveness to a negative, aversive or positive stimulus after repeated exposure to it.
Deserve
To deserve means to merit, be worthy of, or have a claim to (reward, etc.) because of actions, qualities, or circumstances: “mériter”.
undeserved (adj.): not merited, unfair.
Detrimental
Harmful or damaging.
Diagnose
To determine the identity of (a disease, etc.) by an examination. The noun is diagnosis.
Distracted
Unable to concentrate.
Downplay
To minimize, to make something less important.
Downside
A negative aspect, a disadvantage, a drawback.
Drastic
If you have to take drastic action in order to solve a problem, you have to do something extreme and basic to solve it.
Drastic measures: “des mesures draconiennes, drastiques”.
The adverb drastically means severely, extremely.
Dread
To fear greatly, to be very reluctant to experience, to feel daunted by something.
A daunting task is an intimidating task, as we saw in class.
The adjective is dreadful (causing great dread, fear, or terror).
Ease
Facility, lack of difficulty.
Effectiveness
The degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result; success.
Efficient
Which produces the expected result, which works.
Elicit
To get or produce something, especially information or reaction; to prompt; to evoke.
Here is a series of examples:
To elicit a response: Have you managed to elicit a response from them yet?
To elicit information: The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on eating habits.
To elicit support: They were able to elicit the support of the public.
embody
To concretely represent; to be an example of.
Emotional boundaries
To set emotional boundaries means to manage to separate your feelings from another’s feelings.
Empath
An empath is a person who feels what another person is feeling at a deep emotional level.
Emphasize
To stress, to underline or insist on.
Empowerment
The process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one’s life and claiming one’s rights.
Enable
To enable means to provide with the means or opportunity; to make possible, practical or easy.
Mass media enable the spread of information.
Enhance
To increase the value, attractiveness, or quality of; to improve.
Enlightened
Having or showing a rational, modern, and well-informed outlook; spiritually aware; educated; knowing.
To enlighten means to explain, to clarify, to give someone greater knowledge and understanding about a subject or situation.
Eventually
Ultimately, finally.
Exhausted
Drained of strength or energy; greatly fatigued.
Externalize
To externalize means to express something outwardly. In French: “extérioriser”.
The opposite is “to internalize” (In French: “intérioriser”).
Far-fetched
To be far-fetched means improbable, extreme. In French: “tiré par les cheveux”.
Fears and phobias (example)
Thalassophobia is the specific phobia or intense fear of deep water, and sudden fear of large bodies of water. The tendency to get intimidated and to have feelings of actual danger from deep or open water with the appearance of common physical symptoms like chest pain, sweating, increased heartbeat, etc. are common. It can include fear of being in deep bodies of water, fear of the vast emptiness of the sea, of sea waves, aquatic creatures (such as sharks), and fear of distance from land.
Acrophobia is an extreme or irrational fear or phobia of heights, especially when one is not particularly high up. It belongs to a category of specific phobias, called space and motion discomfort, that share similar causes and options for treatment.
Agoraphobia is an extreme or irrational fear of entering open or crowded places, of leaving one’s own home, or of being in places from which escape is difficult. It involves fearing and avoiding places or situations that might cause panic and feelings of being trapped, helpless or embarrassed. For example, you may fear using public transportation, being in open or enclosed spaces, standing in line, or being in a crowd.
Fit
To be adapted to or suitable for.
Fit in
To feel that you belong to a particular group and are accepted by that group.
Fix
To find a solution to, to repair.
To fix a problem: to find a solution to a problem.
Fulfilling
Making someone satisfied or happy through allowing their character or abilities to develop fully; rewarding, satisfying.
Gender Gap
A difference between the way men and women are treated in society, or between what men and women do and achieve.
Example: “The report said that in Europe the UK has the largest gender gap between women’s and men’s earnings”.
Go through VS get through
To go through means to endure, to suffer, to experience:
He is going through trials and difficulties: Il vit/ traverse des épreuves et des difficultés.
To get through means to pass a difficult or testing experience or period; to get over, to get past difficulties.
We will get through this: Nous allons nous en sortir.
Graduated exposure therapy
Graduated exposure therapy is a technique in behaviour therapy intended to treat anxiety disorders. It involves the exposure of the patient to the feared object or context without any danger. It is meant to help the patient overcome his or her anxiety in a safe environment. The purpose is to progressively help them deal with what they are afraid of or anxious about.
Grateful
Thankful, expressing gratitude.
Groundbreaking
Innovative, revolutionary
Growth
Development, gradual increase.
Handy
Convenient or useful.
Harass
To harass means to annoy persistently, to persecute. The noun is harassment.
Hazards
Risks, obstacles, dangers.
Hazardous means risky, dangerous.
Heal
To restore to health, to become sound or healthy again.
Heighten
To increase (the degree of); strengthen or intensify.
Heights
High places, or the top of hills, altitude.
Some students told me in class that they were afraid of heights. In French: “la peur du vide”.
Highlight
To emphasize or make something stand out, to underline, to stress.
Hyperarousal
Hyperarousal is a primary symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It occurs when a person’s body suddenly kicks into high alert as a result of thinking about their trauma. Even though real danger may not be present, their body acts as if it is, causing lasting stress after a traumatic event.
Arousal/ Hyperarousal usually involves being easily startled. As the psychiatrist explained in the video studied in class, people will jump at loud noises, at people coming up from behind them.
Hypervigilance
The state of being highly or abnormally alert to potential danger or threat.
The adjective is hypervigilant.
Hypervigilant
Highly or abnormally alert to potential danger or threat.
After an accident or an assault, most people tend to feel unsafe, to have a reduced startle threshold, and to be hypervigilant.
Immerse oneself in
o immerse oneself in means to be absorbed in.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy can be regarded as an immersive experience.
Immune
Not to be affected by something or to be protected from (a disease…). Example: to be immune to criticism.
Inhibit
To decrease the rate of action of or stop (a chemical reaction); to restrain, hinder or check.
Insight
The capacity to gain an accurate and deep understanding of someone or something.
Instil
To put a feeling, idea, or principle gradually into someone’s mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way that person thinks or behaves.
To instil confidence in/into: It is part of my job as a teacher to instil confidence in/into my students.
Intricate
Having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated/ complex or delicate way.
The noun is intricacy.
Irrelevant
Not pertinent.
Kick in
To become activated, to start to have an effect.
Lack
To lack = not to have.
Lessen
To become less strong, to reduce.
Let go of
To stop holding or gripping (something or someone).
Loss
To be at a loss means not to know what to think or do. Loss is deprivation or failure to win. The irregular verb is “to lose”.
Meaningful
Profound, significant.
Meet the requirements
To completely fulfil or satisfy the conditions required for something (« répondre aux exigences de…).
