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Botany Lecture Unit 3 > Angiosperms > Flashcards

Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Angio- meaning

A

Modified ovary (fruit)

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2
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Land adaptations (3)

A

Cuticle

Vascular tissues

Not water dependent for spem to swim

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3
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Land adaptations: Pollen delivery?

A

Not dependent on water or wind to deliver pollen

Pollinators

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4
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Land adaptations: Seed water dependence?

A

Decreased dependence on water and wind to disperse seeds

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5
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Synapomorphy?

A

Flowers

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6
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Flowers purpose

A

Reproductive structures produced by mature plants

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7
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Annuals =

A

Mature in one growing season

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8
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Biennuals =

A

Mature in two growing seasons

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9
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Perrenials =

A

Mature in more than two growing seasons

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10
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Infloresence =

A

Group of flowers at the end of a stem

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11
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Peduncle

A

Stem that holds up the infloresence

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12
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Receptacle =

A

Swollen area at the base of the flower where some flower parts are attached

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13
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Sepal =

A

Usually green, covering and protecting bud

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14
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

All sepals together =

A

Calyx

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15
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Petal (2) =

A

Usually showy

Attract animals

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16
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

All petals together =

A

Corolla

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17
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

“Tepals” may be used when

A

Petals and sepals are very similar

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18
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Perianth =

A

Calyx + corolla

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19
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Bract =

A

Specialized leaf, functions as a petal

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20
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Filament =

A

Stalk-like structure holds up pollen bearing structure

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21
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Anther =

A

Pollen bearing structure

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22
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Stamen =

A

Male parts of the flower

Anther + filament

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23
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Ovary =

A

Female structure that contains ovules

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24
Q

Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Ovule =

A

Sac that contains eggs

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25
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Style =
Stalk that holds up the pollen-receiving structure
26
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Stigma =
Pollen-receiving structure
27
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Carpel =
Female reproductive unit Stigma + style + ovary
28
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Pistil =
One or more carpels fused together
29
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Superior =
Ovary is above the perianth attachment
30
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Inferior
Ovary is beneath the perianth attachment
31
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Bilateral =
1 plane of symmetry
32
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Biradial
2 planes of symmetry
33
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Radial =
Greater than 2 planes of symmetry
34
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Spikes =
Flowers attached to a vertical peduncle with very small or no pedicels
35
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Raceme =
Flowers attached to a vertical peduncle with pedicels
36
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Simple umbel =
Pedicels originate at a single point on the peduncle and are all the same length
37
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Compound umbel =
Peduncle ends in rayes, each has pedicels attached at a single point, and pedicels are all the same length
38
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Head =
Flowers (florets) are amall and attached to a disc shaped structure Appears as a single flower
39
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Catkin =
Flowers attached to a peduncle that hangs down
40
Phylum Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Corymb =
Peduncle ends in rays, each has many pedicels that are not all the same length Planar infloresence
41
Angiosperms Shapes Funnel =
Funnel shaped with fused petals
42
Angiosperms Shapes Salverform =
Narrow funnel shape with fused petal
43
Angiosperms Shapes Rotate =
Disc shaped, wheel shaped, planar
44
Angiosperms Shapes Bell-shaped =
Petals fused Broader than salverform
45
Angiosperms Shapes Urn-shaped =
Petals fused, very small opening
46
Angiosperms Shapes Two-lipped =
Petals fused, bilateral symmetry
47
Angiosperms Shapes Pea-like
Bilateral flower, 3 petal types
48
Angiosperms Shapes 3 Parts of the Pea-like shape
Banner petal Wing petal Keel
49
Angiosperms Shapes Banner petal =
Large upper petal, always divided
50
Angiosperms Shapes Wing petal =
Teardrop shaped
51
Angiosperms Shapes Keel =
2 lower petals fused together
52
Angiosperms Fruits Fruits =
Mature ovary + accessory tissues
53
Angiosperms Fruits Exocarp =
Skin of the fruit
54
Angiosperms Fruits Mesocarp =
Fleshy part of the fruit
55
Angiosperms Fruits Endocarp =
Boundry between the mesocarp and the seed
56
Angiosperms Fruits Pericarp =
Mesocarp + exocarp + endocarp
57
Angiosperms Seed 3 Parts of a seed
Seedcoat Sporophyte embryo Cotelydon
58
Angiosperms Seed Seedcoat purpose
Waterproofing, protection vs bacteria and fungi
59
Angiosperms Seed Cotelydon purpose
Nutritive tissue (endosperm)
60
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories What are the 2 categories?
Fleshy fruits Dry fruits
61
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories Fleshy fruit characteristic
Moist, juicy mesocarp
62
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories 3 types of Fleshy Fruits
Drupe Berry Pome
63
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories Drupe =
Simple (1 carpel), fleshy fruit with a stony endocarp
64
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories Berry =
Compound (more that 1 carpel) that contains more than 1 seed
65
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories 3 types of berries
True berry Pepo Hespiridium
66
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories True berry =
Thin skin, soft pericarp
67
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories Pepo =
Fruit with rind
68
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories Hespiridium =
Fruit with a leathery exocarp containing aromatic oil
69
Angiosperms - Fruit Categories Pome =
Fruit develops from fused perianth Papery endocarp
70
Angiosperms - Dry Fruits Dry fruits characteristic
Mesocarp is dry at maturity
71
Angiosperms - Dry Fruits 2 Types of dry fruits
Dehiscent fruits Indehiscent fruits
72
Angiosperms - Dry Fruits Dehiscent fruit characteristics
Open at maturity
73
Angiosperms - Dry Fruits 4 types of dehiscent fruits
Follicle Legume Silique Capsule
74
Angiosperms - Dry Fruits Follicle =
Splits along 1 seem or 1 edge
75
Angiosperms - Dry Fruits Legume =
Splits along 2 seams or 2 edges
76
Angiosperms - Dry Fruits Silique =
Splits along 2 seams seeds attach to a central structure
77
Angiosperms - Dry Fruits Capsule =
Splits a variety of ways Seeds are shaken out
78
Angiosperms - Indehiscent Fruits Indehiscent fruit characteristic
Not open at maturity
79
Angiosperms - Indehiscent Fruits 5 types of indehiscent fruits
Achene Nut Grain Samara Schizocarp
80
Angiosperms - Indehiscent Fruits Achene =
Only base of seed is attached to pericarp
81
Angiosperms - Indehiscent Fruits Nut (3) =
Similar to achene, pericarp is harder, often with fused bracts attached to the base
82
Angiosperms - Indehiscent Fruits Grain =
Pericarp is inseparable from seed
83
Angiosperms - Indehiscent Fruits Samara =
Pericarp becomes winged for disposal
84
Angiosperms - Indehiscent Fruits Schizocarp =
2 seeds attached until mature
85
Angiosperms - Fruit Composition Simple =
1 Flower 1 Pistil Maybe multiple carpels
86
Angiosperms - Fruit Composition Aggregate fruit =
1 Flower Many pistils
87
Angiosperms - Fruit Composition Multiple fruits =
Flowers in an infloresence fused together
88
Angiosperms - Seeds Seedlings (2) =
Young sporophytes Immature organs
89
Angiosperms - Seeds Plumule =
Immature embro leaves
90
Angiosperms - Seeds Epicotyl =
Parts of shoots above cotyledons
91
Angiosperms - Seeds Hypocotyl =
Part of the shoot that is below cotyledons
92
Angiosperms - Seeds Radicle =
Embryo's immature root
93
Angiosperms - Dormancy Meaning
Suspesion of growth of the embryo
94
Angiosperms - Dormancy What starts dormancy?
Dehydration
95
Angiosperms - Dormancy What ends dormancy?
Imbibition
96
Angiosperms - Dormancy Seedcoats may be tough and need to be damaged before water can enter \_\_\_\_ by humans
Scarification
97
Angiosperms - Dormancy May last a long time? Lotus = Frozen seeds =
Lotus = approx 1200 years Frozen seeds = 10,000 years

Botany Lecture Unit 3 (17 decks)

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