Angiography Flashcards
What is catheterisation and angiography?
Catheters are introduced percutaneously into arterial and venous circulation under conscious sedation and contrast is injected.
What are the most common sites of access?
Arterial: femoral or radial artery (radial esp for obese and o/patients)
Venous: femoral vein or IJV
What are the indications for pre hospitalisation?
Anticoagulation, renal failure, diabetes, contrast allergy
What information can be gleaned from catheterisation?
Direct measurement of intracardiac pressures, transvalvular and mean peak pressure gradients, valve areas, CO, shunt data, SO2, visualisation of coronary arteries, chambers and vessels.
What is achieved from right heart catheterisation? What is it also known as?
Swan-Ganz Catheter.
Info: RA, RV and PCWP pressures.
How is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) obtained?
Obtained by advancing catheter to wedge into the distal pulmonary artery. Records pressures measured from the pulmonary venous system.
What does PCWP reflect in the absence of pulmonary venous disease?
LA pressure.
What is achieved from LH catheterisation?
- Systolic and end-diastolic pressure tracings.
- LV size, wall motion and EF (through contrast injection).
- CO measured.
What is haemodynamically significant stenosis?
Narrowing of >70% of luminal diameter.
What are the procedure related complications of catheterisation?
Vascular injury Renal failure Stroke MI (mortality rate 0.1 - 0.2%)
