Ang Tao Bilang Sumasakatawang Diwa Flashcards
Ang Tao ay may
- katawan
- isip
- espiritu - values, kung ang kinikilos ay tama o mali
instrumento ng isip
utak
man vs. person vs. human nature
man - collective term
person - individual; complex; human rights
human nature - characteristics that separate us from everything
non-physical characteristics of man
- Soul (Kaluluwa) - life-giving function
- Mind (Isip/Pag-iisip) - consciousness
- Spirit (Espiritu) - nonbodily, nonbiological,
nonphysical, nature
esensyal na kahulugan ng tao
- unspirited view
- disembodied spirit
- embodied spirit
unspirited view
- ang tao ay katawan lamang
- Mental state = Physical State (Mind/Isip at
Brain/Utak) - Behaviorism
- hindi pinapansin yung consequences
Hal. Sakit na nararamdaman = Pag-iyak
behaviorism
a theory in psychology that suggests all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings. It posits that behaviors are shaped by environmental stimuli and can be explained in terms of conditioning processes. This theory also implies that some mental conditions are best treated by altering behavior patterns. It’s important to note that behaviorism focuses on the objective evidence of behavior, such as measured responses to stimuli, as the only concern of its research and the only basis of its theory without reference to conscious experience
disembodies spirit
- May katawan at espiritu ngunit magkahiwalay ang 2 component na ito ng tao.
- Body (physical) at Spirit (Nonphysical)
- Dependent ang body sa spirit
- Independent ang spirit
- Plato at Descartes
Plato ukol sa disembodied spirit
- ang soul ay immortal
- reincarnation
- to learn is to remember
Descartes ukol sa disembodied spirit
2 realidad patungkol sa tao
a. Mind (Isip) - malay/conscious
b. Matter (Bagay) - di malay; nag-ooccupy ng space
Embodied Spirit
Ang tao ay pinag-isang katawan at espiritu.
Body = material aspect
Soul = form aspect
- Aristotle at St. Thomas Aquinas
- Ang lahat ng tao ay nagtataglay ng embodied spirit kung saan ang katawan at kaluluwa ay hindi mapaghihiwalay.
- Sa tulong nito nagagawang magkaroon ng mas malalim na pag-unawa ang bawat tao sa kanilang sarili at natutukoy ang kani-kaniyang mga potensyal at limitasyon.
Aristotle ukol sa embodied spirit
Lahat ng living things ay may soul
- Vegetative/Nutritive Soul
- Sensitive Soul
- Rational Soul
St. Aquinas ukol sa Embodied Spirit
- Vegetative/Nutritive at sensitive soul ay dependent sa katawan; instinct lang
- Sa Rational Soul hindi kailangan ang katawan; isip
Essentialism vs. Existentialism
Essentialism is the belief that things have a defining essence or nature that makes them what they are. This essence is immutable and unchanging, and it determines the characteristics of an object. Essentialists believe that there is a fundamental truth or reality that underlies all things, and that this truth can be discovered through reason and observation.
- pre-determined fate/likas
On the other hand, Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and the search for meaning and purpose in life. Existentialists reject the idea that there is a fixed or predetermined essence to human existence, and instead argue that individuals must create their own meaning and purpose through their actions and choices.
Ayon kay Marting Heidegger, ano ang dalawang tuntunin at/o katangian ng tao sa kaniyang pag-iral
- ang tao ay UMIIRAL SA MUNDO.
- ang tao ay may SARILI na binibigyang depinisyon sa mundong kanyang ginagalawan.