Anethesia Flashcards
What are the types of anesthesia?
general
regional
local +/-sedation
What is general anesthesia?
putting them to sleep
What are the types of general antesthesia?
gas
IV
What is good about gas general anesthesia?
rapid in and out
no IV
What is bad about gas general anesthesia?
needs vaporizer and calibration for EVERY pt
stage 2 is longer than IV
respiratory depression
What are the IV general anesthesia?
propofol
ketamine
What is the side effect of ketamine?
delirium at post op
What must pt be to avoid resp complications during surgery?
NPO
What is good about IV general anesthesia?
rapid -w/in 5min
min stage 2
What is bad about IV general anesthesia?
may cx bronchospasm/laryngospasm
cardiac AND resp depression
What can be used as adjuncts with general anesthesia?
muscle relaxants
opoids
What are the types of muscle relaxants?
depolarizing
nondepolarizing
When can opioids be used?
pain control at post op
What is bad about opioids?
resp depression
muscle rigidity
metabolism needed
What is regional anesthesia?
to numb up operative site - nerve block
What is good about regional anesthesia?
pt does not be be asleep - can breathe on own
less release of stress hormones and less catecholamine release
What is bad about regional anesthesia?
long time to prep and get ready
may get parietal block
risk of nerve damage
What are the types of regional anesthetics?
central axis brachial intercostal femoral poplital ankle IV
When is local +/-sedation used?
sutures
What are the side effects of lidocaine and bupivacaine?
lidocaine: CNS probs- seizures, HA, dizziness
bupivacaine - protein bound = unconvertible v fib
What dose to use for lidocaine?
1.0
When should epi NOT be used?
nose fingers toes ear penis
Why is epi used?
prolong length or slow absorption of local anesthetic
What are the types of local anesthetics? What is lidocaine and bupivacaine?
esters
amides - lidocaine and bupivacaine
What is the first sx of lidocaine?
CNS probs
What are the stages of anesthesia?
stage 1-4
What is stage 1?
induction - starts to go to sleep
What is stage 2?
excitement
What is bad about stage 2?
laryngeal spasm can occur - get out of this state ASAP
What is stage 3? Sx?
operative
sx: constriction pupils, HYPOtension, TACHYcardia
What is stage 4? Sx?
danger - OD
sx: shallow/no respiration, dilated pupils, HYPOtension
What are complications of anethesia?
cardio
pulm
neuro
renal
What are cardio complications?
MI
CHF
hypotension
What are pulm complications?
resp failure - aspiration, pneumonia, bronchospasm, COPD can cx resp failure, PE
What are neuro complications?
CVA - HTN
blindness
What are renal complications?
Acute tubular necrosis
worsening chronic renal failure
What are GI complications?
ileus
What is malignant hyperthermia? Tx?
bad rxn to anesthesia - check family hx
tx: dantrium IV
