Anethesia

Question 1

What are the types of anesthesia?

Answer 1

general
regional
local +/-sedation

Question 2

What is general anesthesia?

Answer 2

putting them to sleep

Question 3

What are the types of general antesthesia?

Answer 3

gas

IV

Question 4

What is good about gas general anesthesia?

Answer 4

rapid in and out

no IV

Question 5

What is bad about gas general anesthesia?

Answer 5

needs vaporizer and calibration for EVERY pt
stage 2 is longer than IV
respiratory depression

Question 6

What are the IV general anesthesia?

Answer 6

propofol

ketamine

Question 7

What is the side effect of ketamine?

Answer 7

delirium at post op

Question 8

What must pt be to avoid resp complications during surgery?

Answer 8

NPO

Question 9

What is good about IV general anesthesia?

Answer 9

rapid -w/in 5min

min stage 2

Question 10

What is bad about IV general anesthesia?

Answer 10

may cx bronchospasm/laryngospasm

cardiac AND resp depression

Question 11

What can be used as adjuncts with general anesthesia?

Answer 11

muscle relaxants

opoids

Question 12

What are the types of muscle relaxants?

Answer 12

depolarizing

nondepolarizing

Question 13

When can opioids be used?

Answer 13

pain control at post op

Question 14

What is bad about opioids?

Answer 14

resp depression
muscle rigidity
metabolism needed

Question 15

What is regional anesthesia?

Answer 15

to numb up operative site - nerve block

Question 16

What is good about regional anesthesia?

Answer 16

pt does not be be asleep - can breathe on own

less release of stress hormones and less catecholamine release

Question 17

What is bad about regional anesthesia?

Answer 17

long time to prep and get ready
may get parietal block
risk of nerve damage

Question 18

What are the types of regional anesthetics?

Answer 18

central axis
brachial
intercostal
femoral
poplital
ankle
IV

Question 19

When is local +/-sedation used?

Answer 19

sutures

Question 20

What are the side effects of lidocaine and bupivacaine?

Answer 20

lidocaine: CNS probs- seizures, HA, dizziness

bupivacaine - protein bound = unconvertible v fib

Question 21

What dose to use for lidocaine?

Answer 21

1.0

Question 22

When should epi NOT be used?

Answer 22

nose
fingers
toes
ear
penis

Question 23

Why is epi used?

Answer 23

prolong length or slow absorption of local anesthetic

Question 24

What are the types of local anesthetics? What is lidocaine and bupivacaine?

Answer 24

esters

amides - lidocaine and bupivacaine

Question 25

What is the first sx of lidocaine?

Answer 25

CNS probs

Question 26

What are the stages of anesthesia?

Answer 26

stage 1-4

Question 27

What is stage 1?

Answer 27

induction - starts to go to sleep

Question 28

What is stage 2?

Answer 28

excitement

Question 29

What is bad about stage 2?

Answer 29

laryngeal spasm can occur - get out of this state ASAP

Question 30

What is stage 3? Sx?

Answer 30

operative

sx: constriction pupils, HYPOtension, TACHYcardia

Question 31

What is stage 4? Sx?

Answer 31

danger - OD

sx: shallow/no respiration, dilated pupils, HYPOtension

Question 32

What are complications of anethesia?

Answer 32

cardio
pulm
neuro
renal

Question 33

What are cardio complications?

Answer 33

MI
CHF
hypotension

Question 34

What are pulm complications?

Answer 34

resp failure - aspiration, pneumonia, bronchospasm, COPD can cx resp failure, PE

Question 35

What are neuro complications?

Answer 35

CVA - HTN

blindness

Question 36

What are renal complications?

Answer 36

Acute tubular necrosis

worsening chronic renal failure

Question 37

What are GI complications?

Answer 37

ileus

Question 38

What is malignant hyperthermia? Tx?

Answer 38

bad rxn to anesthesia - check family hx

tx: dantrium IV