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Ocular Pharmacology > Anesthetics and Analgesics > Flashcards

Anesthetics and Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

Combining 2+ LA

A

bad - increases toxicity risk

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2
Q

Cocaine Ocular Use

A

testing Horner’s Syndrome

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3
Q

Cocaine Contraindications

A

in patients with systemic hypertension

taking adrenergic agonists

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4
Q

SE of Cocaine

A

visible grayish pits and irregularities
loosening of corneal epithelium- erosions
systemic toxicity

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5
Q

Tetracaine Use

A

GAT, cataract surgery

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6
Q

SE of Tetracaine

A

overdoses if dose is higher than 1.5mg/kg of body weight
structural damage to cell membrane
weakening of corneal epithelium
stinging/ burning

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7
Q

Benoxinate

A

combo of Na-fluorescein and Na-fluorexon (Fluress and Flurasafe)
antimicrobial
wont stain contact lenses

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8
Q

Benoxinate use

A

GAT

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9
Q

Proparacaine

A

causes less pain than tetracaine and has fewer side effects

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10
Q

Which is a more powerful anesthetic, Proparacaine or Tetracaine?

A

Tetracaine

stings more as well

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11
Q

Major SE of Anesthetic Drops

A

inhibits corneal epithelial cell healing

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12
Q

Most common injected anesthetic

A

lidocaine hydrochloride

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13
Q

SE of anesthetic injection

A

retrobulbar hemorrhage, globe puncture, ON damage, mm palsy, 7th nerve complications

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14
Q

Anesthetic Injection is contraindicated in…

A

patients on anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents

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15
Q

LA do nothing for…..

A

muscle actions- some procedures require patient to be completely still

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16
Q

Fluorescein Use

A

help visualize corneal epithelial defects

17
Q

Adrenaline (Epinephrine) Use

A

in injected LAs

not added to eye drops

18
Q

Hyaluronidase Use

A

increase tissue permeability to injected fluid

19
Q

Prostaglandins released in eye may cause….

A

increased IOP
mitosis
increased vascular permeability

20
Q

MOA of Ophthalmic NSAIDs

A

inhibits COX 1 and 2, limiting prostaglandin production

gives analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity

21
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID

inhibits adherence of Staph. Epidermidis to soft lens material

22
Q

Bromfenac

A

NSAID

least amount of stinging on instillation

23
Q

Ketorolac

A

NSAID

combine with cyclosporine A for chronic dry eye treatment

24
Q

Nepafenac

A

NSAID
converted by ocular tissue hydrolases into active form Amfenac
longer lasting

25
Q

Uses for Ophthalmic NSAIDs

A

miosis
cataract surgery inflammation
cystoid macular edema
refractive surgery

26
Q

Most Dangerous NSAID

A

Ketorolac 0.4%

highest amount of stinging, ocular irritation, corneal edema

27
Q

Contraindications of Bromfenac

A

contains sodium sulphite- cant have w/ suphite sensitivities

28
Q

NSAIDs in general can cause ______ as a SE

A

keratitis

Ocular Pharmacology (4 decks)

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