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Medical Pharmacology > Anesthetics > Flashcards

Anesthetics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Desflurane

A
  • Volatile anesthetic
  • Less potent
  • Least soluble of all volatile anesthetics
  • Amnesia and muscle relaxation
  • Metabolism of 0.02%
  • Irritating to airways, minimal card dep, malignant hyperthermia
  • Maintenance of general anesthesia
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2
Q

Isoflurane

A
  • Volatile anesthetic
  • Most potent
  • Most soluble
  • Metabolism of 0.2%
  • Amnesia and muscle relaxation
  • Irritating to airways, min card dep, malignant hyperthermia
  • Maintenance of general anesthesia
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3
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A
  • Volatile anesthetic
  • Not potent, very insoluble
  • Used as adjunct therapy, reduces MAC requirements
  • Produces amnesia and muscle relaxation
  • Few side effects, malignant hyperthermia
  • Maintenance of gen anesthesia
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4
Q

Sevoflurane

A
  • Volatile anesthetic
  • Very potent, somewhat soluble
  • Non-irritating to airways
  • Met at 2-5%
  • Amnesia and muscle relaxation
  • Minimal myocard dep
  • Maintenance of gen anesthesia
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5
Q

Etomidate

A
  • Induction agent
  • CANNOT BE ANTAGONIZED, NOT FOR SEDATION!
  • Resp dep, no card dep
  • Drug o choice in ICU for induction
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6
Q

Ketamine

A
  • Induction agent
  • NMDA recept antagonist, noncompetitive
  • Dissociative amnesia, can’t be antagonized
  • No resp or card dep.
  • Can get emergence delirium
  • Sedation in peds., induction anesthesia
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7
Q

Methohexital

Thiopental

A
  • Induction agent
  • Barbiturate
  • Highly lipid soluble, rapid onset, recovery in 5-8 minutes via redistribution. No reversal
  • Marked resp dep, decrease SNS outflow, BIG hangover
  • IV anesthesia induction
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8
Q

Propofol

A
  • Induction agent
  • Dissolved intralipid
  • Can’t be antagonized
  • Least hangover effects
  • Card and resp depress
  • Induction and maintenance of anesthesia
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9
Q

Remifentanil

A
  • Analgesic Premedication
  • Met by plasma esterases
  • IV infusion
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10
Q

Fentanyl
Alfentanil
Sufentanil

A
  • Analgesic Premedication
  • Opioid agonist
  • Respiratory dep, not much effect on BP
  • Reduces MAC requirements
  • Antagonized by Nalozone
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11
Q

Benzocain

A
  • Local anesthetic
  • Ester
  • Can cause methglobinemia
  • Topical
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12
Q

Cocain

A
  • Local anesthetic
  • Ester
  • Topical
  • Vasoconstrictor
  • MI, arrhythmias, seizures, hypertension
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13
Q

Procain

A
  • Local anesthetic
  • Ester
  • Low potency
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14
Q

Tetracaine

Bupivocaine

A
  • Local anesthetic
  • Ester
  • High potency
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15
Q

Lidocaine
Prilocaine
Mepivocaine

A
  • Local anesthetic
  • Amides
  • Intermediate potency
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16
Q

Ropivocaine

A
  • Local anesthetic
  • Amide
  • S-isomer of the racemic mixture
  • Less toxicity with similar potency to other

Medical Pharmacology (26 decks)

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