Anesthesia induction drugs Flashcards
CV effects of ketamine?
Direct effect: negative inotropy
Indirect effect: catecholamine release, leading to increase in HR and contractility
Respiratory effects of ketamine?
Minimal respiratory depression; bronchodilation
Other effects of ketamine?
Increases CBF and ICP, increases CMO2 consumption; may increase muscle tone; increased salivation; increased intraocular pressure
Indications for ketamine?
Hypovolemic shock; asthma; immobilization of aggressive animals
Contraindications for ketamine?
CNS patients (increased ICP; brain trauma); cats w/ HCM; animals w/ corneal damage; seizures; hepatic and renal insufficiency
Indications for tiletamine (Telazol)?
Similar to diazepam-ketamine, but longer lasting; useful for aggressive small animals or wild animals
CV effects of propofol?
Vasodilation (possible hypotension); some negative inotropy; no reflex tachycardia
Respiratory effects of propofol?
Decreased respiratory rate; decreased tidal volume
Other effects of propofol?
Cerebral vasoconstriction (decreased ICP and cerebral blood volume); decreased cerebral metabolic O2 consumption; no analgesia
Indications for propofol?
Useful for seizing or head trauma patients; drug of choice for C-section
Contraindications for propofol?
Hemodynamic instability; very sick patients
CV effects of thiopental?
Negative inotropy and vasodilation (hypotension; less than propofol); arrythmogenic (may cause ventricular arrythmias); reflex tachycardia
Respiratory effects of thiopental?
Similar to propofol
Other effects of thiopental?
Similar CNS effects as propofol
Indications for thiopental?
Good choice for neurosurgery as induction agent
Contraindications for thiopental?
C-sections; not suitable for TIVA; not suitable for hemodynamically unstable patients
CV effects of etomidate?
Minimal effects; does not affect HR or BP when given alone in small doses; not arrythmogenic
Respiratory effects of etomidate?
Respiratory depression (less than propofol)
Other effects of etomidate?
Adrenal suppression (corticosteroid supplementation may be needed for high risk patients); similar effects on ICP and cerebral O2 demand as propofol; no analgesic effects; may cause vomiting; hemolysis (b/c of propylene glycol)
Indications for etomidate?
Drug of choice for hemodynamically unstable patients
Contraindications for etomidate?
CRI (adrenal suppression; propylene glycol accumulation)
CV effects of alfaxalone?
Minimal effects at low doses
Respiratory effects of alfaxalone?
Dose dependent respiratory depression
Other effects of alfaxalone?
Similar CNS effects as propofol; no analgesia
Indications for alfaxalone?
Potential to replace etomidate as induction agent for high risk patients; useful for C-sections
