Anesthesia induction drugs

Question 1

CV effects of ketamine?

Answer 1

Direct effect: negative inotropy

Indirect effect: catecholamine release, leading to increase in HR and contractility

Question 2

Respiratory effects of ketamine?

Answer 2

Minimal respiratory depression; bronchodilation

Question 3

Other effects of ketamine?

Answer 3

Increases CBF and ICP, increases CMO2 consumption; may increase muscle tone; increased salivation; increased intraocular pressure

Question 4

Indications for ketamine?

Answer 4

Hypovolemic shock; asthma; immobilization of aggressive animals

Question 5

Contraindications for ketamine?

Answer 5

CNS patients (increased ICP; brain trauma); cats w/ HCM; animals w/ corneal damage; seizures; hepatic and renal insufficiency

Question 6

Indications for tiletamine (Telazol)?

Answer 6

Similar to diazepam-ketamine, but longer lasting; useful for aggressive small animals or wild animals

Question 7

CV effects of propofol?

Answer 7

Vasodilation (possible hypotension); some negative inotropy; no reflex tachycardia

Question 8

Respiratory effects of propofol?

Answer 8

Decreased respiratory rate; decreased tidal volume

Question 9

Other effects of propofol?

Answer 9

Cerebral vasoconstriction (decreased ICP and cerebral blood volume); decreased cerebral metabolic O2 consumption; no analgesia

Question 10

Indications for propofol?

Answer 10

Useful for seizing or head trauma patients; drug of choice for C-section

Question 11

Contraindications for propofol?

Answer 11

Hemodynamic instability; very sick patients

Question 12

CV effects of thiopental?

Answer 12

Negative inotropy and vasodilation (hypotension; less than propofol); arrythmogenic (may cause ventricular arrythmias); reflex tachycardia

Question 13

Respiratory effects of thiopental?

Answer 13

Similar to propofol

Question 14

Other effects of thiopental?

Answer 14

Similar CNS effects as propofol

Question 15

Indications for thiopental?

Answer 15

Good choice for neurosurgery as induction agent

Question 16

Contraindications for thiopental?

Answer 16

C-sections; not suitable for TIVA; not suitable for hemodynamically unstable patients

Question 17

CV effects of etomidate?

Answer 17

Minimal effects; does not affect HR or BP when given alone in small doses; not arrythmogenic

Question 18

Respiratory effects of etomidate?

Answer 18

Respiratory depression (less than propofol)

Question 19

Other effects of etomidate?

Answer 19

Adrenal suppression (corticosteroid supplementation may be needed for high risk patients); similar effects on ICP and cerebral O2 demand as propofol; no analgesic effects; may cause vomiting; hemolysis (b/c of propylene glycol)

Question 20

Indications for etomidate?

Answer 20

Drug of choice for hemodynamically unstable patients

Question 21

Contraindications for etomidate?

Answer 21

CRI (adrenal suppression; propylene glycol accumulation)

Question 22

CV effects of alfaxalone?

Answer 22

Minimal effects at low doses

Question 23

Respiratory effects of alfaxalone?

Answer 23

Dose dependent respiratory depression

Question 24

Other effects of alfaxalone?

Answer 24

Similar CNS effects as propofol; no analgesia

Question 25

Indications for alfaxalone?

Answer 25

Potential to replace etomidate as induction agent for high risk patients; useful for C-sections