Anesthesia - Cardiac Patients

Question 1

what drugs are used to treat bradycardia and heart blocks

Answer 1

1. anticholinergics (atropine, glycopyrrolate)
2. sympathomimetics (dopamine, dobutamine)
3. pacemaker

Question 2

what are ways to treat tachycardia

Answer 2

1. treat the cause (hypovolemia, tachyarrhythmias, pain)
2. increase vagal tone
3. Diltiazem (Ca channel blocker)
4. Beta blockers (atenolol)

Question 3

what are ways to treat hypotension

Answer 3

1. reduce inhalant
2. treat bradycardia + severe tachycardia
3. IV Fluid bolus (3 x 5-10 mL/kg/hr)
4. positive inotropes (B1 agonists - dopamine, dobutamine)
5. vasoconstrictors (A1 agonists - phenylephrine)

Question 4

can IV lidocaine be used in cats

Answer 4

NO

only good for dogs with ventricular arrhythmias

Question 5

what do you want for anesthesia in dogs w/ MMVD

Answer 5

vasodilation
optimize preload

AVOID:
- bradycardia
- vasoconstriction

Question 6

what do you want for anesthesia in dogs w/ DCM

Answer 6

maintain as normal as possible

AVOID:
- depressing systolic function
- vasoconstriction

use positive inotropes if needed

Question 7

what do you want for anesthesia in dogs w/ HCM

Answer 7

increase diastolic filling time (bradycardia)

AVOID:
- tachycardia
- vasodilation
- hypotension
- excess fluid administration