anesthesia

Question 1

what are the issues with physical restraint of small mammals

Answer 1

stress causes catecholamines and hyperthermia with the more they struggle.

Question 2

does exact weight matter in dosing anesthetics

Answer 2

yes. they are so small that the drugs need to be exactly dosed for our patients

Question 3

what are physiological considerations

Answer 3

high metabolic rates, hypoglycemia common with fasting, higher fluid requirements, hypothermia

Question 4

why is catecholamine release scary

Answer 4

it can sensitize the myocardium and cause arrhythmias

Question 5

what is an issue we see in rabbits from pain, starvation, stress

Answer 5

GI ileus and tympany

Question 6

blood loss should be ____ of their blood volume

Answer 6

<10% of their blood volume

BV is 10% if their Bw

Question 7

who is an obligate nasal breather

Answer 7

rabbits, ferrets, rodents

Question 8

what does obesity cause

Answer 8

hypoventilation– put in dorsal and its not good

Question 9

how long do we fast for

Answer 9

we dont recommend it. if you do it do it only for an hour.

Question 10

what to remember about rabbit ear veins

Answer 10

they may slough.

Question 11

what is a trick to get the tail vein in a rat

Answer 11

lightly warm the tail in a water bath to cause vasodilation

Question 12

how many mL can you put in the muscle of a dog? in a small mammal

Answer 12

2mL in a dog. 0.5mL in a rabbit.

Question 13

what is the procedure for anesthesia

Answer 13

sedate first, then gas down

Question 14

oxygen flow rates

Answer 14

2-4L/min

Question 15

how do you know the animal may be removed from the gas chamber

Answer 15

they lose their righting reflexes

Question 16

how to establish an airway in a rabbit

Answer 16

head and neck hyperextended

Question 17

without visualization how can you tell the tube is in the right place

Answer 17

put tube to the ear and listen for the loudest air sounds, condensation, capnograph, coughing

Question 18

what are the three ways to direct visualize a rabbit intubation

Answer 18

laryngoscope, otoscope, rigid endoscope

Question 19

what can we use in rabbits instead of et tube

Answer 19

v gel

Question 20

why can we not intubate a guinea pig easily

Answer 20

palatal ostium

Question 21

what do we use to intubate rodents

Answer 21

14-16g catheters

Question 22

why do we need a snug face mask for gas inhalants

Answer 22

extra space traps exhaled gases high in CO2. can cause rebreathing and high ETCO2 levels

Question 23

what flow rate is required for a non rebreathing system in small mammals

Answer 23

200mL/Kg/min

Question 24

common anesthetic complications

Answer 24

light plane of anesthesia, bradycardia, hypo/hypertension, hypoxemia, hypoventilation, hypothermia

Question 25

what is the first thing that will tell you your patient is arresting

Answer 25

ETCO2. low and small wave forms

Question 26

what do we use to assess anesthetic depth

Answer 26

pedal withdraw, palpebral, pupil size, muscle tone, surgical response to stimuli

Question 27

what do we use to assess respiratory function

Answer 27

pulse ox, capnography, RR and effort

Question 28

what is important in post op recovery

Answer 28

warm and quiet area. monitor for ileus, hypoglycemia, dehydration