Anemia & The Elderly

Question 1

Hemoglobin values in males and females of Elderly

Answer 1

Males <13g/dl
Females <12g/dl

Question 2

Factors contributing Anemia and the Elderly (BPNCC)

Answer 2

• Decreased bone marrow function
• Decline in physical activity
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Cardiovascular disease
• Chronic inflammatory disorders

Question 3

Type of anemia most common among elderly (3)

Answer 3

• Anemia of chronic inflammation
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Unexplained anemia

Question 4

Anemia ineffective erythropoiesis (3)

Answer 4

• Vitamin b12 deficiency
• Sideroblastic anemia
• Thalassemia

Question 5

Anemia hypoproliferation (6)

Answer 5

• Secondary to iron deficiency
• Vitamin b12 or folate deficiency
• Renal failure
• Hypothyroidism
• Chronic inflammation
• Endocrine disease

Question 6

Anemia Lab evaluation:
CBC, retic count, peripheral blood film review, chemistry panel, iron studies, vit b12 and folate levels, free erythrocyte porphyrin (2)

Answer 6

Hypoproliferative anemia
Most common form of anemia in the hospitalized geriatric population

Question 7

Anemia involved in the pathogenesis of this disease

Answer 7

Impaired erythropoietin-dependent erythrocytosis

Question 8

Affects both erythrocytes and metabolic pathways of iron-dependent tissue enzymes
Results from conditions leading to chronic gastrointestinal blood loss

Answer 8

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Question 9

IDA results from conditions leading to chronic gastrointestinal blood loss, including: (NGUGA)

Answer 9

• Long term use of nonsteroidal inflammatory medication
• Gastritis
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Gastropharyngeal reflux disease
• Angiodysplasia

Question 10

Ineffective Erythropoiesis that is impaired heme synthesis and abnormal globin synthesis

Answer 10

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 11

Ineffective Erythropoiesis that is defective DNA synthesis; results in ineffective erythropoiesis (deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate)

Answer 11

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 12

Megaloblastic Anemia In 5-10% of elderly

Answer 12

Vit. B12 Deficiency

Question 13

Attributed to inadequate intestinal absorption of found bound vitamin B12 and pernicious anemia

Answer 13

Vit. B12 Deficiency

Question 14

In Vit. B12 Deficiency, this shows bacterial growth: Helicobacter pylori

Answer 14

Loss of gastric acid

Question 15

Develops from inadequate dietary intake

Answer 15

Folate Deficiency

Question 16

In Folate Deficiency, this is more prone because alcohol interferes with folate absorption

Answer 16

Alcoholic elderly

Question 17

Shortened RBC survival time

Answer 17

Hemolytic Anemia

Question 18

high doses of antibiotics, non steroidal inflammatory drugs, quinidine, phenacetin, etc.

Answer 18

Drug induced haemolytic anemia

Question 19

Also results from collagen vascular disease, infections, chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 19

Hemolytic Anemia

Question 20

Major types of Hemolytic Anemia (IIE)

Answer 20

1. Caused by immunologic mechanisms
2. Due to intrinsic effects
3. Resulting from extrinsic factors