Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

normal WBC

A

4-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normal WBC

A

4-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

normal Hbg

A

13.5-17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

normal HCT

A

39-51

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal MCV

A

82-97

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

normal platelet

A

150-450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

normal neutrophil %

A

45-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

normal lymphocyte %

A

20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normal monocyte %

A

2-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal eosinophil %

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ANC

A

predisposes to rapidly fatal bacterial or fungal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anemia presents with

A

low RBC, low Hbg, low HCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

> 20% myeloblasts of uniform morphology indicates

A

leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

epo made in response to

A

low tissue oxygenation levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

epo is appropriately increased in cases of

A 
anemia
hypoxia
CO poisoning
Hgb variants
methemoglobinemia
high altitude
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

G-CSF (neupogen, neulasta)

A

for mobilization of stem cells

used post-chemotherapy or for autologous or allogenic donation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

G-CSF (neupogen, neulasta)

A

for mobilization of stem cells

used post-chemotherapy or for autologous or allogenic donation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

normal Hbg

A

13.5-17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal HCT

A

39-51

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

normal MCV

A

82-97

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

normal platelet

A

150-450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

normal neutrophil %

A

45-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

normal lymphocyte %

A

20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

normal monocyte %

A

2-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

normal eosinophil %

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ANC

A

predisposes to rapidly fatal bacterial or fungal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

anemia presents with

A

low RBC, low Hbg, low HCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

> 20% myeloblasts of uniform morphology indicates

A

leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

too little hepcidin causes

A

iron overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

epo is appropriately increased in cases of

A 
anemia
hypoxia
CO poisoning
Hgb variants
methemoglobinemia
high altitude
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

epo is pathologically increased in

A

VHL syndrome

tumors of kidney, liver, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

G-CSF (neupogen, neulasta)

A

for mobilization of stem cells

used post-chemotherapy or for autologous or allogenic donation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

microcytic anemia causes

A

iron deficiency
thalassemia
anemia of chronic disease
sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

normocytic anemia causes

A 
anemia of chronic disease
iron deficiency
toxins, drug
malignancies
kidney disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

macrocytic anemia causes

A 
bone marrow failure
myelodysplasia
vitamin B12 deficiency 
folate deficiency
elevated reticulocytes
liver disease, thyroid disease, alcoholism
36
Q

in extravascular hemolysis, what levels are elevated

A

LDH and retics

37
Q

urine is dark in ___ hemolysis

A

intravascular

38
Q

extravascular hemolysis can be amenable to

A

splenectomy

39
Q

where is iron mostly absorbed

A

in the duodenum

40
Q

where is iron balanced

A

in the liver

41
Q

what does iron promote

A

free radical formation and bacterial growth

42
Q

hepcidin is produced by

A

liver

43
Q

function of hepcidin

A

controls iron absorption from the gut

44
Q

too much hepcidin causes

A

anemia of chronic disease

45
Q

too little hepcidin causes

A

iron overload

46
Q

symptoms of anemia

A 
fatigue
pallor
tachycardia
increased plasma volume
increased myocardial demand
47
Q

iron deficiency in a man…

A

do a GI workup for blood loss and malabsorption

48
Q

iron absorption is increased by

A

gastric acid, vitamin C

49
Q

major limitation on life expectancy in thalassemia

A

iron overload

50
Q

genetics of hemachromatosis

A

biallelic mutation of HFE gene

51
Q

bronze diabetes

A

think hemachromatosis. Check iron livers (especially in patients with liver disease)

52
Q

treatment of iron overload

A

phlebotomy if normal erythropoeisis

53
Q

side effects of iron chelation

A

color vision, hearing abnormalities, effects on renal function

54
Q

what is elevated in B12 deficiency

A

homocysteine (pro-thrombotic) and methylmalonic acid levels (neuro-toxicity)

55
Q

folate deficiency may be responsible for

A

neural tube defects/spina bifida

56
Q

where is B12 absorbed

A

terminal ileum

57
Q

gastric symptoms of pernicious anemia

A

impaired mucosal proliferation
weight loss, diarrhea, malabsorption
gastric cancer

58
Q

what to suspect in folate deficiency

A

alcoholism

59
Q

pure red cell aplasia

A

autoimmune disease

just can’t make RBC’s

60
Q

infectious cause of pure red cell aplasia

A

parvovirus B19

61
Q

agranulocytosis often caused by

A

drugs- anti epileptics, phenylbutazone

62
Q

inherited bone marrow failure syndromes

A

Fanconi’s anemia

Dyskeratosis congenita

63
Q

Acquired bone marrow failure syndrome

A

aplastic anemia
PNH
MDS
HIV

64
Q

treatment of aplastic anemia

A

quine anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)

65
Q

ATG immunosuppression enhanced by

A

cyclosporine

66
Q

treatment of PNH

A

eculizumab: monoclonal antibody inactivating C5 complement protein

67
Q

free Hb binds to

A

haptoglobin or hemopexin

68
Q

how is unbound Hb excreted

A

in the urine

69
Q

polychromatophilia

A

blue-gray staining due to RNA and Hb in young RBC’s

70
Q

stomatocytosis

A

mouth-shaped central pallor

71
Q

PNH caused by

A

loss of HPI proteins CD55 and 59- leads to increased sensitivity to lysis by complement

72
Q

G6PD mutation

A

key enzyme of hexose monophosphate shunt

73
Q

mutation in PK

A

necessary for energy production- rare

74
Q

HbA

A

alpha2beta2 (>95%)

75
Q

Fetal Hb

A

alpha2gamma2 (trace)

76
Q

HbA2

A

alpha2delta2 (1-2%)

77
Q

excess chains

A

damage to RBC membrane

78
Q

how are damaged RBC’s removed

A

extramedullary hemolysis

79
Q

Fe accumulation leads to

A

death of RBC’s in marrow (intramedullary hemolysis)

80
Q

target cells

A

thalassemia

81
Q

worst symptoms of beta thalassemia major

A

severe anemia
congestive heart failure
bone marrow expansion
iron overload

82
Q

treatment of beta thalassemia

A 
hypertransfusion
Fe chelation
splenectomy 
increased HbF production
gene therapy
bone marrow transplantation
83
Q

hemoglobin H disease

A

absence of 3 functional alpha genes

84
Q

cause of sickle cell anemia

A

single base pair mutation (glu->val)

altered solubility of desoxy HbS causes aggregation of molecules, decrease deformability

85
Q

bite cells

A

G6PD deficiency

86
Q

delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by

A

exposure to blood with minor blood group incompatibility

Hematology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions