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Hematology and Small Animal Disease > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is anemia?

A

Decrease in the red blood cells mass that results in decrease oxygen to the tissue

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2
Q

What causes anemia?

A

Increased RBC destruction Hemorrhage Decrease in production

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3
Q

What are some general clinical signs of anemia?

A

Tachypnea, Dyspnea, Pale MM, Tachycardia, Lethargy, Exercise intolerance, and Heart murmur

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4
Q

What symptom would you want to treat first? How?

A

Dyspnea by giving oxygen

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5
Q

What three schemes are used to classify anemia?

A

Bone marrow response Erythrocyte size and hemoglobin concentration Pathophysiologic mechanism

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6
Q

What is the bone marrow response

A

regenerative and non-regenerative

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7
Q

What will you see with regenerative anemia?

A

nRBC’s, polychromasia, increased retics, howell jolly bodies (cats), macrocytosis

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8
Q

Blood loss anemia’s may also have reduced what?

A

plasma protein, serum protein, albumin, and globulin levels

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9
Q

What is non-regenerative anemia?

A

lack of circulating immature RBC’s

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10
Q

What are some causes of reversible or irreversible anemia?

A

Drugs (immunosuppressive) - reversible Chemicals - reversible Radiation - reversible Cancer - depends if cure Viruses (FeLV) - irreversible Immune Mediated Destruction of stem cells

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11
Q

What does MCV stand for?

A

mean corpuscular vol - size

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12
Q

What does increased MCV mean?

A

macrocytic anemia - indicated immature cells

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13
Q

What does decrease MCV mean?

A

microcytic anemai - iron deficiency

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14
Q

What does normal MCV mean?

A

normocytic anemia - blood loss or destruction

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15
Q

In what species do you need to RBC indices?

A

Dogs

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16
Q

What information do you need to do RBC indices?

A

PCV, hemoglobin, RBC count

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17
Q

What will a lab evaluation of anemia look like?

A

RBC count (low), Hgb (low), PCV (low), Total protein (low), evaluate RBC morphology, Reticulocyte count

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18
Q

What does MCHC stand for?

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration - color

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19
Q

What does MCH stand for?

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin - average weight of hgb in a RBC

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20
Q

What does decreased MCHC mean?

A

hypochromic - iron deficency

21
Q

What does increase MCHC mean?

A

well-filled

22
Q

How do you calculate MCHC?

A

Hgb X 100 / PCV

23
Q

What are the normal values for MCHC in a dog?

A

32-36 g/dl

24
Q

What are the normal values for MCHC in a cat?

A

30-36 g/dl

25
Q

What does decreased MCV mean?

A

microcytic

26
Q

What does increase MCV mean?

A

macrocytic

27
Q

What are the normal values of MCV in a dog?

A

60-77 fl

28
Q

What are the normal values of MCV in a cat?

A

39-55 fl

29
Q

How do you calculate MCV?

A

PCV x 10 / RBC

30
Q

What RBC indice is least accurate and least reliable?

A

MCH

31
Q

How do you calculate MCH?

A

hgb x 10 / RBC

32
Q

What are the normal values of MCH in a dog?

A

19.5 - 24.5 pg

33
Q

What are the normal values of MCH in a cat?

A

12.5-17.5 pg

34
Q

What does decrease MCH mean?

A

microcytic and hypochromic

35
Q

What does increased MCH mean?

A

macrocytic and hypochromic

36
Q

When is MCH mainly used?

A

To check MCHC and MCV

37
Q

What is the formula to correct nRBC’s

A

100 X actual WBC count / (100 + nRBC counted)

38
Q

What will nRBC’s do to our WBC count?

A

Artificially inflate our WBC count

39
Q

When do you have to use the correction formula for nRBC’s?

A

When 5 or more are counted

40
Q

What are the two different forms of retic’s a cat can produce? What one do you count?

A

Punctate - DO NOT count Aggregate - COUNT

41
Q

T or F. Aggregate reticulocytes have many small granules.

A

True

42
Q

T or F. Punctate have few small granules.

A

True

43
Q
A

Polychromatophils

44
Q
A

nRBC’s

45
Q
A

Reticulocyte

46
Q
A

Aggregate Retics

47
Q
A

Punctate Retics

48
Q
A

Heinz Bodies

49
Q
A

Basophilic stippling

Hematology and Small Animal Disease (8 decks)

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