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HML II > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

MCV decreased

A

Microcytic

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2
Q

MCV increased

A

Macrocytic

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3
Q

Anemia of decreased bone marrow activity

A

Hypoproliferative

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4
Q

Anemia of increased bone marrow activity

A

Hyperproliferative

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5
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Variation in size of RBCs

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6
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Variation in shape of RBCs

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7
Q

Causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

A

Hypothyroidism
Alcoholism
Reticulocytosis

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8
Q

Causes of megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

A

Vit B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

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9
Q

Marrow in megaloblastic anemia

A

Hypercellular
Megaloblasts at all erythroid stages

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10
Q

Smear in megaloblastic anemia

A

Howell-Jowell bodies
Abnormal erythroblasts
Megaloblasts

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11
Q

Anemia that may be associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune adrenalitis, or vitiligo

A

Pernicious anemia

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12
Q

Type I antibody in pernicious anemia

A

Blocks binding of Vit B12 to IF

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13
Q

Type II antibody in pernicious anemia

A

Blocks binding of B12/IF complex to IF receptor

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14
Q

Neurologic changes in vit B12 deficiency

A

Demyelination of dorsal and lateral tracts in spinal cord

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15
Q

Neurologic symptoms in vit B12 deficiency

A

Spastic paraparesis
Sensory ataxia
Severe paresthesia in LLs

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16
Q

Elevated levels of homocysteine and MMA

A

Vit B12 deficiency

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17
Q

Effect of elevated homocysteine levels

A

Atherosclerosis

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18
Q

Total body iron content in males and females

A

6 g in males
2.5 g in females

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19
Q

Role of hepcidin

A

Negative regulator of iron absorption

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20
Q

Role of transferrin

A

Transports iron to cells

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21
Q

Blood smear in iron deficiency anemia

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia
Pencil cells
Decreased MCV, MCH, and MCHC

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22
Q

Bone marrow in iron deficiency anemia

A

Increase in erythroid progenitors - micronormoblasts

No stainable iron in macrophages

23
Q

Stain for iron

A

Prussian blue

24
Q

Clinical features of iron deficiency anemia

A

Pica
Koilonychia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome

25
Plummer-Vinson syndrome symptoms
Esophageal web Microcytic anemia Atrophic glossitis
26
Pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease
Inflammatory mediators (IL-6) Increased hepcidin production Inhibition of ferroportin in macrophages Reduced iron transfer from storage pool
27
Cause of sideroblastic anemia
Lead poisoning
28
Anemia associated with failure of hematopoiesis
Aplastic anemia
29
Two causes of aplastic anemia
Immune mediated suppression of marrow progenitors Intrinsic abnormality of stem cells --> genetic damage
30
Another name for congenital aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia
31
Physical features of Fanconi anemia
Hypoplasia of kidney and spleen Microcephaly Absent thumbs or radii Hypo and hyperpigmentation
32
Affect of mutation in Fanconi anemia
16 different genes involved Ubiquitination of FANCD2 protein Defect in DNA repair
33
Role of FANCD2 protein
Protects cells against genetic damage --> DNA repair
34
Diagnostic test for Fanconi anemia
DEB/deipoxybutane test
35
Mechanism of DEB test
Increased chromosomal breakage after incubating lymphocytes with DNA cross-linking agent DEB
36
Drugs regularly associated with aplastic anemia
Busulfan Melphalan Anthracyclines
37
Autoimmune disease associated with aplastic anemia
SLE
38
Viruses associated with aplastic anemia
Hepatitis EBV
39
Bone marrow in aplastic anemia
Dry tap Hypocellular Increased fat spaces
40
Clinical features of aplastic anemia
Gradual onset No splenomegaly Granulocytopenia - bacterial infections Thrombocytopenia - bleeding
41
Characteristically absent in aplastic anemia
Splenomegaly
42
Syndrome where only erythroid progenitors are suppressed
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)
43
Histology in PRCA in parvo
Large pro-erythroblasts with vacuolated cytoplasm and pseudopedia
44
Congenital PRCA
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA)
45
Inheritance of DBA
Sporadic autosomal dominant
46
Presentation in DBA
Infancy Bone deformities Growth failure Macrocytic anemia Craniofacial dysmorphism and thumb abnormalities
47
Autoimmune diseases associated with PRCA
SLE RA
48
Solid tumors associated with PRCA
Thymoma Breast
49
Viruses associated with PRCA
Parvovirus B19 HIV HTLV
50
Bacterial infections associated with PRCA
TB Streptococci
51
Cause of myelophthisic anemia
Infiltration of the bone by abnormal marrow (metastasis or granuloma)
52
Blood smear in myelophthisic anemia
Leuko-erythroblastic Teardrop-shaped RBCs
53

HML II (15 decks)

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