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HML II > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

MCV decreased

A

Microcytic

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2
Q

MCV increased

A

Macrocytic

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3
Q

Anemia of decreased bone marrow activity

A

Hypoproliferative

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4
Q

Anemia of increased bone marrow activity

A

Hyperproliferative

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5
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Variation in size of RBCs

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6
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Variation in shape of RBCs

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7
Q

Causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

A

Hypothyroidism
Alcoholism
Reticulocytosis

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8
Q

Causes of megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

A

Vit B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

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9
Q

Marrow in megaloblastic anemia

A

Hypercellular
Megaloblasts at all erythroid stages

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10
Q

Smear in megaloblastic anemia

A

Howell-Jowell bodies
Abnormal erythroblasts
Megaloblasts

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11
Q

Anemia that may be associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune adrenalitis, or vitiligo

A

Pernicious anemia

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12
Q

Type I antibody in pernicious anemia

A

Blocks binding of Vit B12 to IF

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13
Q

Type II antibody in pernicious anemia

A

Blocks binding of B12/IF complex to IF receptor

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14
Q

Neurologic changes in vit B12 deficiency

A

Demyelination of dorsal and lateral tracts in spinal cord

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15
Q

Neurologic symptoms in vit B12 deficiency

A

Spastic paraparesis
Sensory ataxia
Severe paresthesia in LLs

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16
Q

Elevated levels of homocysteine and MMA

A

Vit B12 deficiency

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17
Q

Effect of elevated homocysteine levels

A

Atherosclerosis

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18
Q

Total body iron content in males and females

A

6 g in males
2.5 g in females

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19
Q

Role of hepcidin

A

Negative regulator of iron absorption

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20
Q

Role of transferrin

A

Transports iron to cells

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21
Q

Blood smear in iron deficiency anemia

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia
Pencil cells
Decreased MCV, MCH, and MCHC

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22
Q

Bone marrow in iron deficiency anemia

A

Increase in erythroid progenitors - micronormoblasts

No stainable iron in macrophages

23
Q

Stain for iron

A

Prussian blue

24
Q

Clinical features of iron deficiency anemia

A

Pica
Koilonychia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome

25
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome symptoms

A

Esophageal web
Microcytic anemia
Atrophic glossitis

26
Q

Pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease

A

Inflammatory mediators (IL-6)
Increased hepcidin production
Inhibition of ferroportin in macrophages
Reduced iron transfer from storage pool

27
Q

Cause of sideroblastic anemia

A

Lead poisoning

28
Q

Anemia associated with failure of hematopoiesis

A

Aplastic anemia

29
Q

Two causes of aplastic anemia

A

Immune mediated suppression of marrow progenitors

Intrinsic abnormality of stem cells –> genetic damage

30
Q

Another name for congenital aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi anemia

31
Q

Physical features of Fanconi anemia

A

Hypoplasia of kidney and spleen
Microcephaly
Absent thumbs or radii
Hypo and hyperpigmentation

32
Q

Affect of mutation in Fanconi anemia

A

16 different genes involved
Ubiquitination of FANCD2 protein
Defect in DNA repair

33
Q

Role of FANCD2 protein

A

Protects cells against genetic damage –> DNA repair

34
Q

Diagnostic test for Fanconi anemia

A

DEB/deipoxybutane test

35
Q

Mechanism of DEB test

A

Increased chromosomal breakage after incubating lymphocytes with DNA cross-linking agent DEB

36
Q

Drugs regularly associated with aplastic anemia

A

Busulfan
Melphalan
Anthracyclines

37
Q

Autoimmune disease associated with aplastic anemia

38
Q

Viruses associated with aplastic anemia

A

Hepatitis
EBV

39
Q

Bone marrow in aplastic anemia

A

Dry tap
Hypocellular
Increased fat spaces

40
Q

Clinical features of aplastic anemia

A

Gradual onset
No splenomegaly
Granulocytopenia - bacterial infections
Thrombocytopenia - bleeding

41
Q

Characteristically absent in aplastic anemia

A

Splenomegaly

42
Q

Syndrome where only erythroid progenitors are suppressed

A

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)

43
Q

Histology in PRCA in parvo

A

Large pro-erythroblasts with vacuolated cytoplasm and pseudopedia

44
Q

Congenital PRCA

A

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA)

45
Q

Inheritance of DBA

A

Sporadic autosomal dominant

46
Q

Presentation in DBA

A

Infancy
Bone deformities
Growth failure
Macrocytic anemia
Craniofacial dysmorphism and thumb abnormalities

47
Q

Autoimmune diseases associated with PRCA

48
Q

Solid tumors associated with PRCA

A

Thymoma
Breast

49
Q

Viruses associated with PRCA

A

Parvovirus B19
HIV
HTLV

50
Q

Bacterial infections associated with PRCA

A

TB
Streptococci

51
Q

Cause of myelophthisic anemia

A

Infiltration of the bone by abnormal marrow (metastasis or granuloma)

52
Q

Blood smear in myelophthisic anemia

A

Leuko-erythroblastic
Teardrop-shaped RBCs

HML II (15 decks)

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