Anemia Flashcards
what is hemoglobin
main component of rbcs
act as the vehicle in transportation of o2
what is hematocrit
measures mass of rbc
HCT is generally 3x HGB
what is mean corpuscular volume
measures size of rbc
what is microcytic anemia
small RBC (low MCV)
what is megoblastic anemia
large RBC (high MCV)
what are the hypoproliferative anemias
iron deficiency
vit b12 deficiency
folate deficiency
what are some characterisitcs of iron deficiency anemia
decrease in MVC, reticulocyte count, iron, and ferritin
increase in total iron binding capacity (TBIC)
smooth red tongue
brittle rigid nails
angular cheilosis
restless leg syndrome
what foods are high in iron
red meat
kidney beans
leafy greens
carrots
raisins
apricots
molasses
soybeans
oatmeal
eggs
shell fish
grain bread
chicken
turkey
what helps enhance iron absorption
vitamin c
how should oral iron supplements be taken
empty stomach at least an hour before a meal
what are some characteristics of vit b12 and folate deficiency
increased MCV levels
decreased vit b12
tachy
fatigue and weakness
pallor of skin and oral mucosa
mild jaundice
birttle, rigid, concave nails
parasthesia, mild confusion, balance disturbances
how to treat vit b12 deficiency
vit b12 replacement
use of assistive devices to promote gait stability
consumption of animal products
how to treat folate deficiency anemia
increase consumption of leafy greens, citrus, and beans
decrease alc
take folic acid supplementation
what can blood loss anemia be from
gi tract
gu tract
trauma or osebleed
what are some symptoms of blood loss anemia
tachy
fatigue
weakness
what do the lab values look like for blood loss anemia
decreased HGB, HCT, MCV
increased reticulocyte
what does progression of bleeding lead to
decreased iron and ferritin levels
what is the treatment for blood loss anemia
identify source of blood loss
reverse blood loss
administer PRBCs if bleeding and or symptoms are severe
what are hemolytic anemias
destruciton of RBCs
sickle cell most common
what are some complications of anemia
low blood volume
increased hr
increased cardiac output
heart failure
what are symptoms of heart failure
sob
fatigue and weakness
edema of lower extremities
rapid/irregular heart rhythm
rapid wt gain
what are the neurologic complications of vit b12 deficiency
lower extremity parasthesia
gait disturbances
confusion
falls
skin breakdown
