Anemia Flashcards by Alice Richards

definition of anemia

low hgb, hct, or RBC count compared to normal age and gender controls ( >2 sd below mean)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anemia h/h for women

hgb < 12

hct < 36

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

h/h values for men

hbg < 13.5

hct < 41

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

average size (volume) of RBC

MCV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

average hgb content in rbc

MCH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

low mch on peripheral smear shows up as

hypochromia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

variation in RBC size

rdw

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

low rdw means that

rbc are all around same size

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

high rdw means

lots of variation in rbc size

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

possible causes for anemia (5)

bone marrow suppression

iron deficient

B12/folate deficient

chronic dz

recurrent ifnxns

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

s/s of anemia

fatigue

tachycardia

angina

dyspnea

palpitations

bleeding

dizziness

tachypnea

weakness

syncope

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hpi anemia clues

melena

abd pain

NSAIDs/OAC

hx ulcer

pica

hx abdominal surgery

gait problems

memory problems

etoh

moonshine

lead paint/pipes

g6pd, ssa, thalassemia

meds

transfusion

easy bruising

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

main pe test for anemia

fobt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

skin manifestations of anemia

pallor of skin or conjunctiva

jaundice

petecchiae/ecchymoses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heent findings of anemia

glossitis

stomatitis

decreased vibratory sense

impaired proprioception

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cardiac sx of anemia

tachycardia

new murmur

orthostatic hypotn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 other pe findings of anemia

splenomegaly

LAD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

microcytic anemia definition

mcv < 80

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 ex of microcytic anemia

ida

thalassemia

sideroblastic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sideroblastic anemia is mc associated w.

lead toxicity

also copper deficiency and zinc poisoning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mc cause of anemia worldwide

ida

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ida should make you think

gi bleed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

besides gi bleed, other causes for ida

pud

nsaids

menstrual loss

what do you think when you see, cheilosis, smooth tongue, brittle nails, esophageal webs (plummer-vinson syndrome)

severe ida → hct < 25%

unique symptom of ida

pica

in ida, __ will be decreased (2) and __ will be increased

**decreased:** ferritin, serum iron concentration **increased:** TIBC

chains of hgb molecule

2 alpha 2 beta

thalassemia involves abnormal

hgb production

t/f: thalassemia can involve a OR b hgb proteins

spectrum of dz in thalassemia

silent carrier → profound anemia

what do you think when you see: target cells, basophilic stippling, poikilocytes

smear findings for thalassemia

serum iron, ferritin, RBC count findings for thalassemia

normal to elevated

dx for thalassemia

electrophoresis

normocytic anemia definition

mcv 80-100

causes for normocytic anemia

acute blood loss anemia of chronic dz/anemia of inflammation chronic renal insufficiency hemolysis bone marrow suppression endocrine dysfxn

endocrine causes of normocytic anemia (2)

hypothyroidism hypopituitarism

3 conditions that commonly cause aocd

ckd dm chronic ai dz

pathophys of aocd

chronic inflammation → cytokine release → decreased rbc → decreased ebo → decreased iron absorption

classification of aocd

normochromic or normocytic

serum iron in aocd

decreased

tibc in aocd

normal - low

serum ferritin in aocb

normal - high

acute phase reactants in aocd

ferritin esr crp

in hemolytic anemia, __ is decreased and __ is increased

RBC survival cell lysis

hereditary causes of hemolytic anemia (4)

g6pd ssa hereditary spherocytosis thalassemia

trauma/immune attack causes of hemolytic anemia (7)

TTP HUS DIC valvular hemolysis infxns burns hypersplenism

lab elevations in hemolytic anemia (2)

reticulocytes indirect bilirubin ldh

lab decreases in hemolytic anemia (2)

hgb haptoglobin

what might smear for hemolytic anemia show

schistocytes

macrocytic anemia definition

mcv \> 100

causes of macrocytic anemia (6)

etoh folate deficiency B12 deficiency myelodysplastic syndromes (mds) liver dz reticulocytosis drug-induced anemia aml

what does mds stand for

myelodysplastic syndromes

what are mds

group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders dysplastic and ineffective blood cell production

mds increases risk for

acute luekemia

mds can be \_\_ or __ (3)

de novo chemo, environmental toxins, xrt

anemia PLUS low wbc makes you think (4)

aplastic anemia bone marrow suppression B12 deficiency hypersplenism

anemia PLUS elevated wbc makes you think (3)

infxn inflammation hematologic malignancy