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Clin Med Lab 2 - Exam 1 > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

definition of anemia

A

low hgb, hct, or RBC count compared to normal age and gender controls ( >2 sd below mean)

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2
Q

anemia h/h for women

A

hgb < 12

hct < 36

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3
Q

h/h values for men

A

hbg < 13.5

hct < 41

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4
Q

average size (volume) of RBC

A

MCV

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5
Q

average hgb content in rbc

A

MCH

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6
Q

low mch on peripheral smear shows up as

A

hypochromia

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7
Q

variation in RBC size

A

rdw

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8
Q

low rdw means that

A

rbc are all around same size

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9
Q

high rdw means

A

lots of variation in rbc size

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10
Q

possible causes for anemia (5)

A

bone marrow suppression

iron deficient

B12/folate deficient

chronic dz

recurrent ifnxns

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11
Q

s/s of anemia

A

fatigue

tachycardia

angina

dyspnea

palpitations

bleeding

dizziness

tachypnea

weakness

syncope

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12
Q

hpi anemia clues

A

melena

abd pain

NSAIDs/OAC

hx ulcer

pica

hx abdominal surgery

gait problems

memory problems

etoh

moonshine

lead paint/pipes

g6pd, ssa, thalassemia

meds

transfusion

easy bruising

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13
Q

main pe test for anemia

A

fobt

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14
Q

skin manifestations of anemia

A

pallor of skin or conjunctiva

jaundice

petecchiae/ecchymoses

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15
Q

heent findings of anemia

A

glossitis

stomatitis

decreased vibratory sense

impaired proprioception

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16
Q

cardiac sx of anemia

A

tachycardia

new murmur

orthostatic hypotn

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17
Q

2 other pe findings of anemia

A

splenomegaly

LAD

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18
Q

microcytic anemia definition

A

mcv < 80

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19
Q

3 ex of microcytic anemia

A

ida

thalassemia

sideroblastic

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20
Q

sideroblastic anemia is mc associated w.

A

lead toxicity

also copper deficiency and zinc poisoning

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21
Q

mc cause of anemia worldwide

A

ida

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22
Q

ida should make you think

A

gi bleed

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23
Q

besides gi bleed, other causes for ida

A

pud

ca

nsaids

menstrual loss

24
Q

what do you think when you see, cheilosis, smooth tongue, brittle nails, esophageal webs (plummer-vinson syndrome)

A

severe ida → hct < 25%

25
Q

unique symptom of ida

A

pica

26
Q

in ida, __ will be decreased (2)

and __ will be increased

A

decreased: ferritin, serum iron concentration

increased: TIBC

27
Q

chains of hgb molecule

A

2 alpha

2 beta

28
Q

thalassemia involves abnormal

A

hgb production

29
Q

t/f: thalassemia can involve a OR b hgb proteins

A

T!

30
Q

spectrum of dz in thalassemia

A

silent carrier → profound anemia

31
Q

what do you think when you see: target cells, basophilic stippling, poikilocytes

A

smear findings for thalassemia

32
Q

serum iron, ferritin, RBC count findings for thalassemia

A

normal to elevated

33
Q

dx for thalassemia

A

electrophoresis

34
Q

normocytic anemia definition

A

mcv 80-100

35
Q

causes for normocytic anemia

A

acute blood loss

anemia of chronic dz/anemia of inflammation

chronic renal insufficiency

hemolysis

bone marrow suppression

endocrine dysfxn

36
Q

endocrine causes of normocytic anemia (2)

A

hypothyroidism

hypopituitarism

37
Q

3 conditions that commonly cause aocd

A

ckd

dm

chronic ai dz

38
Q

pathophys of aocd

A

chronic inflammation → cytokine release → decreased rbc → decreased ebo → decreased iron absorption

39
Q

classification of aocd

A

normochromic or normocytic

40
Q

serum iron in aocd

A

decreased

41
Q

tibc in aocd

A

normal - low

42
Q

serum ferritin in aocb

A

normal - high

43
Q

acute phase reactants in aocd

A

ferritin

esr

crp

44
Q

in hemolytic anemia, __ is decreased

and __ is increased

A

RBC survival

cell lysis

45
Q

hereditary causes of hemolytic anemia (4)

A

g6pd

ssa

hereditary spherocytosis

thalassemia

46
Q

trauma/immune attack causes of hemolytic anemia (7)

A

TTP

HUS

DIC

valvular hemolysis

infxns

burns

hypersplenism

47
Q

lab elevations in hemolytic anemia (2)

A

reticulocytes

indirect bilirubin

ldh

48
Q

lab decreases in hemolytic anemia (2)

A

hgb

haptoglobin

49
Q

what might smear for hemolytic anemia show

A

schistocytes

50
Q

macrocytic anemia definition

A

mcv > 100

51
Q

causes of macrocytic anemia (6)

A

etoh

folate deficiency

B12 deficiency

myelodysplastic syndromes (mds)

liver dz

reticulocytosis

drug-induced anemia

aml

52
Q

what does mds stand for

A

myelodysplastic syndromes

53
Q

what are mds

A

group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders

dysplastic and ineffective blood cell production

54
Q

mds increases risk for

A

acute luekemia

55
Q

mds can be __

or __ (3)

A

de novo

chemo, environmental toxins, xrt

56
Q

anemia PLUS low wbc makes you think (4)

A

aplastic anemia

bone marrow suppression

B12 deficiency

hypersplenism

57
Q

anemia PLUS elevated wbc makes you think (3)

A

infxn

inflammation

hematologic malignancy

Clin Med Lab 2 - Exam 1 (7 decks)

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