ANEMIA Flashcards
What type of anemia?
SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Normo Normo with increased reticulocytes
All aplastic anemia generally exhibit Normo-Normo type, except for ______ which may have a ______ type of anemia
Fanconi Anemia = macrocytic
Renal disease is what type of anemia
Normo Normo with normal or low reticulocytes
Inherited aplastic anemia makes up _____% of all aplastic anemia cases
15-20%
ACQUIRED APLASTIC ANEMIA is majority (80-85%)
_______Drug most frequently associated in ______ aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol - acquired
Confirmatory test to detect PNH. This is also known as what disease?
Flow cytometry
Aka MARCHIAFAVA-MICHELI syndrome
Apart from fanconi anemia, what are 2 other associated conditions for inherited type of aplastic anemia
- Scwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome
2. Dyskeratosis congenita
DAF is also known as
CD 55
Deficiency in complement regulatory proteins is present in what condition? What are these CRP’s?
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Deficient in DAF/CD-55 and MIRL/CD-59
CD-59 is also known as
MIRL- Membrane Inhibitor of Reactive lysis
3 general mechanisms of anemia
- Hemorrhage
- Hemolysis
- Low production of RBC
What is the first consideration when a patient has anemia?
Hemorrhage
Common site of significant bleeding occurs in the ______
Gastrointestinal tract
List the diseases associated with MICROCYTIC, HYPOCHROMIC anemia
TAILS
Thaassemia; Anemia of chronic inflammation; IDA; Lead poison; sideroblastic anemia
Tests for PNH
- Ham’s acidified serum
- Sugar water (sucrose hemolysis) test
- Flow cytometry
Physical abnormalities and cancer susceptibility may be associated with fanconi anemia. List those physical abnormalities
- Skeletal - thumb malformation, microcephaly, scoliosis
- Skin - hyper/hypopigmentation, cafe au lait
- Short stature
- Abnormality - eye, kidney, genital
MICROCYTIC anemia may result from insufficiency of _______ = insufficient erythropoeisis
Iron = abnormal iron studies
Acute leukemia results in ______ erythropoeisis
Insufficient
Renal disease results in _____ erythropoeisis
Insufficient
Early development of MICROCYTIC anemia shows ________; no obvious anemia developed
Low iron stores
Most common anemia
IDA
The most common pica is called _______; craving for _____
Pagophagia; ICE
Most common anemia seen in hospitalized patients
ACI
A cause for IDA is high demand for iron commonly seen among:
Pregnancy, adolescence, lactation
The difference between sideroblast and siderocyte. Since commonly they have iron granules
SideroBLAST = nucleated
This type of anemia occurs when there is low serum iron, yet very high iron stores
ACI = sideropenia