Androgenic/Cholinergic Flashcards
Bethanechol
Muscarinic agonist, used as stimulant of GI tract and bladder
Muscarine
Muscarinic agonist, derived from poisonous mushroom, treatment for glaucoma
Pilocarpine
Muscarinic agonist, used for treatment of xerostomia (dry mouth) and glaucoma
Nicotine
Nicotinic agonist
Neostigmine
Anticholinesterase, used to treat lack of tone in GI tract and bladder, stimulates GI tract
Physotigmine
Anticholinesterase, Isolated from Calabar bean, can cross blood brain barrier, treat atropine overdose
Hexamethonium
Nicotinic antagonist, blocks open ionic change of the nicotinic receptor in autonomic ganglia, whichever system is the predominant tone (PNS vs. SNS) will be overridden by the less predominant system
Atropine
Muscarinic antagonist, treatment for bradycardia, anti cholinesterase overdose
Scopolamine
Muscarinic antagonist, treatment for motion sickness
Epinephrine
Non specific agonist, Binds α1, α2, β1, β2 receptors
Route: IM or SC (b/c PO ! GI degradation by COMT & MAO)
Effects: Vasoconstriction/↑BP, ↑HR, bronchodilation
Treats: anaphylaxis, hypotension, prevents sx blood loss w/
perioperative vasoconstriction
Norepinephrine
Non specific agonist, Binds α1, α2, β1 receptors
Effects: ~E, but more marked ↑diastolicBP, so BRR ! ↓HR
Treats: hypotension
Phenylephrine
α agonist, Binds α1 receptor
Effect: Vasoconstriction/↑BP
Treats: Hypotension, nasal decongestion, pupillary dilation
Clonidine
α agonist, Binds α2 receptor
Effect: SympNS inhibition (CNS preganglionic synapse & presynaptic
PM postganglionic synapse) ! ↓BP
Treats: hypertension
Brimonidine
α agonist, Binds α2 receptor
Effect: ↓aqueous humor production
Treats: glaucoma
Isoproterenol
Non-specific β agonist, Binds β1, β2 receptors
OPPOSITE OF NE
Effects: net↓BP (so BRR ! ↑HR), bronchodilation, ↓GI motility
Metaproterenol
Binds β2 receptor
Treats: asthma
Effect: long-acting bronchodilation w/o cardiac side effects!
Albuterol
Binds β2 receptor
Treats: asthma
Effect: long-acting bronchodilation w/o cardiac side effects!
Salmeterol
Binds β2 receptor
Treats: COPD
Effect: long-acting bronchodilation w/o cardiac side effects!
Terbutaline
Binds β2 receptor
Treats: asthma, premature labor (↓contractions)
Effect: long-acting bronchodilation w/o cardiac side effects!
Phenoxybenzamine
α blocker, blocks α1, α2 receptors Irreversible, non-competitive Effects: vasodilation = ↓BP = BRR = ↑HR Treats: pheochromocytoma Co-admin w/ Epi: only Epi’s β1&2 effects will work = ↓BP (“epi reversal”)
Phentolamine
α blocker, blocks α1, α2 receptors
Reversible, competitive
Effects: vasodilation = ↓BP = BRR = ↑HR, histamine release
Prazosin
α blocker, blocks α1 receptors
Effects: vasodilation ! ↓BP w/o ΔHR
Treats: hypertension
Yohimbine
α blocker, blocks α2 receptors
Reversible, competitive, opposite of Clonidine
Effects: SympNS activation = ↑BP & ↑HR (probably blocks α2)
Treats: hypotension
Propanolol, Timolol, Pindolol
Non-specific first generation β blockers
Blocks β1, β2 receptors
Short-lived pharmacological effect b/c lipid-soluble, short T1/2, & 1st pass liver metabolism
Effects: ↓HR, ↓CF = ↓BP w/ long-term use
Side effect: Bronchoconstriction (bad for asthmatics!)
Treats: hypertension
Acebutolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol
Second generation β blockers Blocks β1 receptors Longer-lived pharmacological effect Effects: ↓HR, ↓CF = ↓BP but w/o bronchoconstriction Treats: hypertension
Carvediol
Third generation β blocker
Blocks α1, β1 receptors
Effects: ↓HR, ↓CF = ↓BP + vasodilation
Treats: heart failure
Celiprolol
Third generation β blocker Blocks β1 receptors Effects: ↓HR, ↓CF = ↓BP + vasodilation Partial β2 agonist = vasodilation Treats: heart failure
Nebivolol
Third generation β blocker Blocks β1 receptors Effects: ↓HR, ↓CF = ↓BP + vasodilation Also causes release of NO by endothelial cells = vasodilation Treats: heart failure
