Andrade et al doodling

Question 1

Background (a statement)

Answer 1

Whether doodling aids concentration (cognitive processes) towards a primary task by reducing daydreaming

Question 2

Aim

Answer 2

To test whether doodling aided concentration in a boring task

Question 3

IV

Answer 3

Exposure to the doodling conditions

Question 4

IV operationalised how?

Answer 4

by how much/ how far the subjects doodle on the piece of paper

Question 5

DV

Answer 5

Accuracy and performance on the memory test

Question 6

DV operationalised how?

Answer 6

by the mean number of correct recall for the names and places

Question 7

Sample size

Answer 7

40

Question 8

Sample came from (2)

Answer 8

MRC applied Psychology Unit participant panel at the University of Plymouth

Question 9

Sampling technique

Answer 9

Opportunity sampling

Question 10

Recruited process (5)

Answer 10

• from university participant panel
• had all completed a different study at uni
• were asked if they had 5 mins to help with another study
• was done to enhance the boredom of the task
• by using people that were already planning on going home

Question 11

Sample age

Answer 11

18-55

Question 12

Summary of procedures (4)

Answer 12

• 40 ppts monitored a monotonous mock phone call
• including the names of people coming to a party
• half the participants was randomly assigned to a doodling group, shading printed shapes.
• they then did a memory test

Question 13

How was the depth of processing of monitored material measured

Answer 13

in terms of monitoring accuracy and memory

Question 14

How was absentmindness encouraged

Answer 14

by telling participants not to worry about speed and neatness of the coloured shapes

Question 15

How were order effects reduced

Answer 15

Counterbalancing

Question 16

Control had how many

Answer 16

20 - 18F and 2M

Question 17

Doodling group had how many?

Answer 17

20- 17F and 3M

Question 18

Design?

Answer 18

Independant measures

Question 19

How was doodling behaviour made natural?

Answer 19

the doodling group were told that they could shade the printed shapes without worrying about speed and neatness

Question 20

Recall order was…

Answer 20

counterbalanced

Question 21

How was data collected

Answer 21

Self-report

Question 22

Standardised procedure (3)

Answer 22

-same instructions
- same monotonous voice in phone call
- same story on phone call with 8 names of people and places

Question 23

how was the recall order counterbalanced?

Answer 23

the first and second group’s recall order were opposite in terms of what was asked first

Question 24

Result of people names remembered

Answer 24

Doodling 7.8
control 7.1

Question 25

What is a false alarm

Answer 25

When the incorrect name is remembered

Question 26

Result of false alarms in terms of people names remembered

Answer 26

Doodling 1
Control 5

Question 27

Result for mean score of names and places

Answer 27

Doodling 7.5
Control 5.8

Question 28

Doodling group recalled what percent more than the control group?

Answer 28

29%

Question 29

Conclusion

Answer 29

Doodling aids concentration whilst participating in a boring task

Question 30

Discussion

Answer 30

Doodling could improve concentration by stabilising arousal and keeping people awake or by reducing daydreaming

Question 31

What is doodling?

Answer 31

meaningless activity done without purpose when idle or bored

Question 32

How is the study useful?

Answer 32

Doodling can be done to reduce daydreaming when bored and allow one to pay more attention in a lecture hall or during a phone call

Question 33

How did they make sure that the participants did not actively try to remember the contents of the phone call? (3)

Answer 33

boring monotone voice
came from another experiment
were told that it would be boring

Question 34

How were they deceived

Answer 34

told ‘I don’t want you to remember it’

Question 35

Details of phone call (3)

Answer 35

• comfortable listening volume
• included 8 names of people and 8 names of places
• monotonous voice on phone call

Question 36

Materials used in both conditions (4)

Answer 36

• played at comfortable listening volume
• script had 8 names of those attending the party
• script had 3 names of those not attending
• a piece of paper with printed out shapes and pencil

Question 37

Criteria for a false alarm (2)

Answer 37

• names mentioned in the tape as lures
• any new name

Question 38

Instructions given to the doodling group (4)

Answer 38

-shade in square and circles
- it doesn’t matter if it isn’t neat
- it doesn’t need to be quick
- it is to relieve any boredom

Question 39

Materials used in only the doodling condition (4)

Answer 39

• the paper was A4
• the paper contained squares and circles
• the paper had a margin for extra information
• a pencil for shading

Question 40

Psychology being tested (4)

Answer 40

• looking at whether doodling aids concentration/ memory
• arousal levels need to be maintained to be able to concentrate
• boredom plays a role in paying attention
• doodling acts as a secondary task

Question 41

Why were participants not told to doodle freely (2)

Answer 41

as this might make them self-conscious about their drawing
suspect aim of the study