Andean / Incan Culture

Question 1

Major animals of the Andes

Answer 1

Condor, Alpaca, Vicuna, Guanaco, Llama

Question 2

Chinchorro Mummies

Answer 2

mummified remains of people from the Chinchorro culture in southern peru, mummification far before the egyptians, removed internal organs replaced them with veg. fibers or animal hair, heads stuffed with mud

Question 3

Chavin Culture

Answer 3

culture from the high peruvian andes (middle of peru) , terraced, pre incan, pre colombian, jaguar-condor-serpent motifs on stela and sculptures

Question 4

Paracas

Answer 4

800-100 BCE, extensive irrigation, developed in Peru on the coast south of Lima, known for the remnants of their conical heads (wierd)

Question 5

Nazca

Answer 5

BC300-800AD: responsible for the Nazca lines with probable religious significance, built city of Cahuachi, ART: ceramic with stirrup handles, incredible (15 colors) polychromatic artwork, animal/human motifs

Question 6

Puqios

Answer 6

underground aqueducts built by the Nazca

Question 7

Moche

Answer 7

100AD-800AD, northern peru, groups of autonomous states with common elite culture, known for their cermaics and gold work and irrigation

Question 8

Cerro Blanco

Answer 8

the ancient Moche capital city, now made up of Huaca de la Luna and Huaca del Sol

Question 9

Huacas

Answer 9

each andean group had their own sacred places, anything of significant beauty/strength called Huaca usually built along a ceques

Question 10

Ceques

Answer 10

a line, road, pathway, religious pilgrimage, or journey. Central to Incan empire, 42 radiating out of Cuzco

Question 11

Moche Culture

Answer 11

agricultural, significant irrigation canals, erotic sculpture

Question 12

Chimu

Answer 12

residents of Chimor capital at Chan Chan, 900AD to 1470AD, destroyed by Inca, in northern Peru coast, grew out of Moche culture, worshipped the sun as destroyer

Question 13

Chimu Culture

Answer 13

spondylus shellfish was rare and used in religious ceremonies, monochromatic potter, precious metal working, black ceramic work

Question 14

Overview of the Inca

Answer 14

major political military empire centered in Cusco, spoke Quechua, encouraged worship of Inti- the sun god

Question 15

Incan History

Answer 15

Inka means lord referred to the ruling family of the empire, origin was the place of three caves 4 bros and 4 sis, Inca founding story, Incan rulers claim descendancy from Viracocha (supreme deity) and Ayar Mancho

Question 16

Ayar Manco

Answer 16

brother of origins, said people would liove where staff of gold landed, 1 brother was trapped inside the caves, 1 turned to stone to watch over the Inca, 1 brother left. Just Ayar Manco and his sister who settled in Cuzco. Ayar Manco = Manco Capac founder

Question 17

bolas

Answer 17

stones tied together thrown at enemies,

Question 18

Viracocha

Answer 18

creator god of the Incan mythology

Question 19

Pachamama

Answer 19

andean mother goddess, earth mother, benevolent deity

Question 20

Inti

Answer 20

Incan sun god, patron deity of the Incan empire, unclear but probably son of Viracocha

Question 21

Tahuantinsuyu

Answer 21

4 regions that comprise the Incan empire

Question 22

Chasqui

Answer 22

Incan foot messenger, no horses

Question 23

Quipu (Khipus)

Answer 23

complicated necklaces created of twine with knots for mathematic meaning, read by quipucamayocs, ruling class could read quipus

Question 24

Quena (kena)

Answer 24

traditional flute of the andes, made of wood or bone, 6 finger holes

Question 25

Coricancha

Answer 25

temple to Inti in Cuzco, covered in sheets of solid gold,

Question 26

Incan Social Hierarchy

Answer 26

Inca-emperor
Curacas-nobles
Amautas- teachers, intellectuals
Yanaconas- Slaves/servants
Mitimaes: newcomers
Ayllu: kinship based community group in charge of a section of land

Question 27

Cui

Answer 27

Andean Guinea Pig, eaten (BUT NOT THE BLACK ONES)

Question 28

Lowland cultures of SA

Answer 28

hunting/gatherers, fishing, small nomadic communities, less immidiete conquest by the Spanish,

Question 29

Guarani

Answer 29

indigenous people from interior of SA, Guarani is official language of Paraguay, upper part of Rio de la Plata, paraguay

Question 30

Tehuelche

Answer 30

people of patagonia, language near extinct now, been enveloped in greater south american culture

Question 31

Mapuche

Answer 31

indigenous to south central chile, SW Argentina, refers to a wide group of ethnicities known as Araucanians by the Spanish

Question 32

Lautaro

Answer 32

son of a Mapuche chief, captured by Spaniards used as person servant of Don Pedro de Valdivia. Learned spanish military tactics, went back to Mapuche and worked to better organize the military, fought back. Pushed spanish back, defeated at battle of Mataquito

Question 33

Battle of Mataquito

Answer 33

the battle where Lautaro lost to the conquistadors

Question 34

Legacy of Lautaro

Answer 34

La Araucana written about Lautaro by Spanish officer Alonso de Ercilla, acclaimed first revolutionary by Chileans

Question 35

Reducciones

Answer 35

indigenous communities established by Jesuits in SA, Guarani

Question 36

Orejones

Answer 36

(bigeared) earring ridden aristocrats

Question 37

Curacas

Answer 37

provincial chieftans in andean culture