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ancient rome 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

At first, who was allowed to serve in Rome’s legions?

A

property-owning citizens, and they had to supply their own weapons

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2
Q

What did each consul lead?

A

An army of two legions

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3
Q

How many men did one legion consist of?

A

4200

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4
Q

What did people do when the Batle season finished in october?

A

they went home

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5
Q

Why did consul Marius allow poor landless citizens to volunteer?

A

citizens who owned property became reluctant to serve

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6
Q

Who supplied the poor citizens’ equipment?

A

the governemnt

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7
Q

What did the government supply?

A

bronze helmet, mail armor, javelin, oval shield

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8
Q

What are legionaries?

A

professional soldiers

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9
Q

What did marius do for maximum strength and flexibility?

A

he reorganised the legions

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10
Q

How did marius reorganise the legions?

A

He grouped squads of men into 100men units. these units were grouped into 600men divisions.

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11
Q

How did the reorganisation help rome?

A

It gave roman generals control over large numbers of men, and its’s a model for modern day military organisation

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12
Q

How did Rome gain more manpower?

A

By recruiting additional soldiers from the regions it defeated

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13
Q

How did Rome conquer its enemies

A

the legions

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14
Q

What was the max years that a legionary could serve?

A

16 years

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15
Q

What did a recruit have to pass?

A

a physical inspection

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16
Q

What would the recruit swear to do?

A

Swear an oath to serve the republic. Oath inspired a powerful sense of duty

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17
Q

how did soldiers build strong bonds of friendship and loyalty?

A

through sharing a tent, duties, and meals

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18
Q

What did legionaries do off duty?

A

They played games or visited public baths

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19
Q

What was the key to legions’ success?

A

Training

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20
Q

What did legionaries do everyday at the end?

A

Built fortified camp

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21
Q

What did legionaries build?

A

straight roads and strong bridges that connected the republic and carried its men into battle

22
Q

What was the north african city of Carthage like?

A

immensely rich

23
Q

What has carthage grown from?

A

a Phoenician colony into a trading empire

24
Q

What had carthage established?

A

colonies and trading ports around the mediterranean

24
Q

What did carthage control?

A

valuable mineral resources

25
Q

What did rome and carthage compete over?

A

control of the sea

26
Q

What did the first punic war break our over?

A

the strateic land of sicilt

27
Q

Where was the first punic war fought?

A

mainly at sea

28
Q

Which navy was more superior at first?

A

carthage

29
Q

what did rome do after suffering a key defeat?

A

built hundreds of powerful warshipes that beat carthage in almost every battle

30
Q

What did the victories allow Rome to occupy?

A

Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica

31
Q

Who was the general of carthage, who surrendered to rome?

A

Hamilcar barca, the father of a boy named hannibal

32
Q

When did the second punic war start?

A

After hannibal attacked one of Rome’s allies

33
Q

How did Hannibal outsmart the romans?

A

he led thousands of soldiers and a herd of war elephants across the Alps to invade the italian peninsula

34
Q

Why were elephants so useful?

A

Most roman soldiers had never seen them before

35
Q

What did roman general Scipio do?

A

Invaded North africa to draw hannibal out of italy to defend his hometown

36
Q

In what battle was hannibal defeated?

A

The battle of zama

37
Q

What did carthage focus on after the second punic war?

A

trade to grow very rich

38
Q

How did Cato share his fears of the wealth of Crathage?

A

ended everything with “carthage must be destroyed”

39
Q

What did roman leaders order?

A

For the city of carthage to be abandoned

40
Q

how did rome fight carthage?

A

they laid seige to it, surrounding it and stopping its food supply

41
Q

How did the romans shatter walls?

A

By hurling huge rocks from the catapult

42
Q

How did romans take revenge after their victory?

A

they sold carthaginian survivors as slaves and destryoes every building

43
Q

What was carthage renamed as?

A

the roman province of africa

44
Q

What did the iberian peninsula, which carthage controlled become?

A

the roman province of hispania

45
Q

Who launched the first macedonian war against Rome?

A

philip 5 of macedonia

46
Q

Why were the romans forced to make peace?

A

they were at war with hannibal

47
Q

When did the second macedonian war start?

A

after hannibals defeat

48
Q

What was the flaw of the macedonian phalanx?

A

It lacked flexibility, and macedonia was defeated

49
Q

What did macedonia later become?

A

a roman province

50
Q

How did Rome conquer Greece?

A

by destroying the city of corinth

history (5 decks)

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