ancient rome 3 Flashcards
At first, who was allowed to serve in Rome’s legions?
property-owning citizens, and they had to supply their own weapons
What did each consul lead?
An army of two legions
How many men did one legion consist of?
4200
What did people do when the Batle season finished in october?
they went home
Why did consul Marius allow poor landless citizens to volunteer?
citizens who owned property became reluctant to serve
Who supplied the poor citizens’ equipment?
the governemnt
What did the government supply?
bronze helmet, mail armor, javelin, oval shield
What are legionaries?
professional soldiers
What did marius do for maximum strength and flexibility?
he reorganised the legions
How did marius reorganise the legions?
He grouped squads of men into 100men units. these units were grouped into 600men divisions.
How did the reorganisation help rome?
It gave roman generals control over large numbers of men, and its’s a model for modern day military organisation
How did Rome gain more manpower?
By recruiting additional soldiers from the regions it defeated
How did Rome conquer its enemies
the legions
What was the max years that a legionary could serve?
16 years
What did a recruit have to pass?
a physical inspection
What would the recruit swear to do?
Swear an oath to serve the republic. Oath inspired a powerful sense of duty
how did soldiers build strong bonds of friendship and loyalty?
through sharing a tent, duties, and meals
What did legionaries do off duty?
They played games or visited public baths
What was the key to legions’ success?
Training
What did legionaries do everyday at the end?
Built fortified camp
What did legionaries build?
straight roads and strong bridges that connected the republic and carried its men into battle
What was the north african city of Carthage like?
immensely rich
What has carthage grown from?
a Phoenician colony into a trading empire
What had carthage established?
colonies and trading ports around the mediterranean
What did carthage control?
valuable mineral resources
What did rome and carthage compete over?
control of the sea
What did the first punic war break our over?
the strateic land of sicilt
Where was the first punic war fought?
mainly at sea
Which navy was more superior at first?
carthage
what did rome do after suffering a key defeat?
built hundreds of powerful warshipes that beat carthage in almost every battle
What did the victories allow Rome to occupy?
Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica
Who was the general of carthage, who surrendered to rome?
Hamilcar barca, the father of a boy named hannibal
When did the second punic war start?
After hannibal attacked one of Rome’s allies
How did Hannibal outsmart the romans?
he led thousands of soldiers and a herd of war elephants across the Alps to invade the italian peninsula
Why were elephants so useful?
Most roman soldiers had never seen them before
What did roman general Scipio do?
Invaded North africa to draw hannibal out of italy to defend his hometown
In what battle was hannibal defeated?
The battle of zama
What did carthage focus on after the second punic war?
trade to grow very rich
How did Cato share his fears of the wealth of Crathage?
ended everything with “carthage must be destroyed”
What did roman leaders order?
For the city of carthage to be abandoned
how did rome fight carthage?
they laid seige to it, surrounding it and stopping its food supply
How did the romans shatter walls?
By hurling huge rocks from the catapult
How did romans take revenge after their victory?
they sold carthaginian survivors as slaves and destryoes every building
What was carthage renamed as?
the roman province of africa
What did the iberian peninsula, which carthage controlled become?
the roman province of hispania
Who launched the first macedonian war against Rome?
philip 5 of macedonia
Why were the romans forced to make peace?
they were at war with hannibal
When did the second macedonian war start?
after hannibals defeat
What was the flaw of the macedonian phalanx?
It lacked flexibility, and macedonia was defeated
What did macedonia later become?
a roman province
How did Rome conquer Greece?
by destroying the city of corinth
